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SME Financing Methods Detailed

2010/3/4 11:45:00 26

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The term "investment" has several relevant meanings in finance and economy.

It involves the accumulation of property in order to gain benefits in the future.

Technically, the word means "putting something into another place" (probably originally related to clothing or "dress").

From a financial point of view, compared with speculation, the investment time is longer, and tends to obtain some relatively stable cash flow income in a certain period of time in the future, which is the accumulation of future earnings.

Investment type

In terms of theoretical economics, investment refers to the purchase (and hence production) of capital goods which will not be consumed but instead used in future production.

Examples include building railways, factories, cleaning up land, or allowing them to go to university.

Strictly speaking, in formula GDP = C + I + G + N X, investment is also a part of gross national product (GDP).

In that regard, the function of investment is divided into non residential investment (such as factories, machinery, etc.) and residential investment (new housing).

From the correlation of I = (Y, I), we can see that investment is closely related to income and interest rate.

Higher income will boost higher investment, but higher interest rates will hinder investment because borrowing costs become more expensive.

Even if an enterprise chooses to invest in its own capital, interest rate represents the opportunity cost of the invested funds rather than the interest on lending the funds.

In terms of finance, investment means buying securities or other financial or paper assets.

Valuation is the way to estimate whether a potential investment is worthy of participation.

The types of investment include real estate, securities investment, gold, foreign currency or bonds or stamps.

Later, these investments may provide future cash flows, and perhaps their value will increase or decrease.

Investment in the stock market is carried out by stock investors.

Collective investment schemes encourage investors to buy securities through the value of selling investment.

Small and medium-sized enterprises

financing

In a narrow sense, small and medium-sized enterprises

financing

It is the behavior and process of raising funds for an enterprise.

That is to say, according to its own production and operation status, capital ownership and the future development of the company, the company can raise funds and invest funds from a certain channel to the company's investors in order to ensure the normal production needs of the company through scientific prediction and decision making.

Administration

Activities need financial management.

The motive of the company to raise funds should follow certain principles and carry out through certain channels and certain ways.

We usually say that there are three main purposes for enterprises to raise funds: expansion of enterprises, repayment of enterprises and mixed motives (mixed motives of expansion and repayment).

Broadly speaking, small and medium-sized enterprises

financing

Also known as finance, that is, the integration of monetary funds, the parties through various ways to raise money or lend money to the financial market.

From the perspective of modern economic development, as an enterprise, it is necessary to have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of financial knowledge, financial institutions and financial markets than ever before, because enterprises can not develop without financial support, and enterprises must deal with them.

In 1991, Wukong, when you swore a comrade to inspect Shanghai, pointed out: "finance is very important. It is the core of modern economy. Finance has done well."

Dai Bailong, governor of the people's Bank of China, edited a book on "leading cadres' financial knowledge." Wukong also called names. The general secretary made a comment: "I hope all levels of Party and government leading cadres and leading cadres of all enterprises must learn some basic knowledge of finance."

Don't talk nonsense and say, "how to use the financial lever is a great learning."

This shows that if we do not understand financial knowledge and do not learn financial knowledge, we will be incompetent as an economic leading cadre. As a leader of an enterprise, it is also incompetent.

To this end, I would like to briefly introduce some basic knowledge of Finance and study with you.

The main contents of financial knowledge include: financial institutions, financial businesses, financial markets, financial regulation and control, and financial supervision.

Small and medium-sized enterprises

financing

mode

The first is the IMF, which means fake loans.

The so-called fake stocks dark loans, as the name implies, is the way investors invest in shares.

project

Investing but not actually participating.

project

Administration

。

After a certain period of time

project

Withdrawal of shares.

This method is mostly adopted by foreign funds.

The disadvantage is that the operation cycle is longer, and the company's shareholder structure should be changed and even the nature of the company should be changed.

There are many foreign funds, so the nature of domestic companies will be changed to Sino foreign joint ventures in this way.

Second kinds of small and medium enterprises

financing

The way is bank acceptance.

Investors will pay a certain amount, such as one hundred million dozen.

project

On the company's account, he immediately asked the bank to issue a one hundred million yuan bank acceptance.

The investor takes away the bank acceptance.

This way of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises is greatly beneficial to investors, because he has actually changed one hundred million yuan to several times.

He can take the one hundred million yuan bank to the other local banks and post another one hundred million yuan.

It can discount at least 80%.

But the problem is whether there are one hundred million yuan banks in the company account for one hundred million yuan.

It is very likely that only 80% to 90% banks will be accepted.

It is to issue 100% of the bank acceptance, and the amount of money that the Bank of the company allows you to use is still a problem.

It depends on the level of the company and the relationship with the bank.

In addition, the biggest drawback of acceptance is that the bank can only accept 12 months in accordance with the state regulations.

Most of them are now only open for 6 months.

That is to say, every 6 or 1 years you have to renew it once again.

It's troublesome to spend a long time.

The third way of financing SMEs is direct deposits.

This is the most difficult way to operate SME financing.

Because direct deposit is a violation of the banking regulations, and the relationship between enterprises and banks is very good.

From investors to

project

The Bank specifies a bank to open an account and deposit the specified amount into its account.

Then sign an agreement with the bank.

The money is promised not to be misappropriated within the prescribed time.

The bank gives the project side less than the same amount of loan according to this amount.

Note: the pledge here is not to pledge the bank.

I do not agree to pledge this money.

The pledge is another form of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises, called large amount of pledge deposits.

Of course, the way of SME financing also has its violation of banking regulations.

It means that the bank needs to sign a commitment to ensure that the account is closed 30 days before the expiry date.

In fact, he can get another bank loan from other places after he gets this.

The fifth way of financing small and medium enterprises (the fourth is the large amount of pledge deposits) is the bank's letter of credit.

The state has a policy for a global commercial bank, such as Citigroup, that the bank letter of credit, which has been approved by the company to finance small and medium-sized enterprises, has the same amount of deposits as the enterprise account.

In the past, many businesses used this bank letter of credit to collect money.

Therefore, the policy of the state has changed a little. It is very difficult for domestic enterprises to use this method to raise funds for SMEs.

Only wholly foreign owned enterprises and Sino foreign joint ventures are allowed.

Therefore, if domestic enterprises want to use this method to finance small and medium-sized enterprises, we must first change the nature of enterprises.

The sixth way of financing SMEs is entrusted loans.

The so-called entrusted loan is that the investor set up a special account in the bank for the project owner, and then he put the money in the special account, entrusting the bank to lend it to the project owner.

This is a relatively good financing form of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Usually, the review of the project is not very strict, requiring the bank to make a commitment to the project side to collect interest and collect principal every year.

Of course, no repayment only requires commitment to collect interest every year.

The seventh way of financing for SMEs is direct access.

Direct investment is direct investment.

This review of projects is very strict and often requires collateral or bank guarantees for fixed assets.

Interest is relatively high.

Mostly short-term.

The lowest personal contact rate is 18 per annum.

Generally more than 20.

The eighth way of financing SMEs is hedge funds.

Now there is a kind of entrustment loan that does not repay the principal and does not pay interest in the market. It is a typical hedge fund.