Li Yining: Entrepreneurs Should Learn To See Policies

Economic contraction

At the same time, the phenomenon of macro regulation and control of private enterprises is more obvious than that of state-owned enterprises.

However, it is not a normal phenomenon to think that "going back to the country" is a normal phenomenon.

Over the past 30 years since 1979, the great changes and developments in China's economy have been attributed to the reform of the system, that is, from the planned system to the market system.

But can we say that the planned economy has withdrawn from the stage of history?

The planned economic system has two pillars: one is the state-owned enterprise system and the other is the two rural urban and rural system.

Without these two pillars, the planned economy has not yet withdrawn from the stage of history.

Of course, it does not mean that there is no plan in the market economy.

In fact, state-owned enterprises and private enterprises are not either.

In order to make the private enterprises conform to the national development strategy, they must be influenced and attracted by the state's fiscal policies, tax policies, monetary and credit policies and industrial policies, so that they will be pferred to the strategy that is in line with the development direction of the country.

Since the international financial crisis, why a large number of private capital does not invest in the real economy and invest in virtual economy or participate in asset speculation? An important reason is that many areas are restricting the entry of private sector economy.

Private capital has no good whereabouts, so they flow to the asset market.

Even if private capital can enter the field, because of unfair competition, interests are often not guaranteed.

The new 36 item is an important signal.

State owned enterprises and private enterprises have their own advantages.

The advantages of state-owned enterprises are strong capital, strong technical force and many talents. The advantages of private enterprises lie in the flexibility of the mechanism, self profit and loss and risk, so the advantages of the two parties should be combined together, and the two can cooperate better.

Today, state-owned enterprises can maintain the current situation of profit, if there is no cooperation and supporting private enterprises? If the private economy is shrinking, can state-owned enterprises be alone? It is impossible.

It should be said that no matter "national retreat to the people" or "the country entering the people" is not the goal of the policy pursuit.

Our policy goal should enable the national economy to develop better and faster, and people's living standards are constantly improving.

As for the advance and retreat mechanism of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, the premise should be fair competition.

Whoever has strong competitiveness will eliminate other enterprises.

From the perspective of state-owned enterprises, private enterprises are not only competitors but also partners.

How can large state-owned enterprises leave a large number of private enterprises to develop? In the planned economy era, state-owned enterprises have no competitors, nor can they have great development.

Now that we have competitors, we should learn from each other's strengths in order to improve.

From the perspective of private enterprises, private enterprises do not need to pursue "national retreat and private progress".

Especially in the international market, both state-owned enterprises and private enterprises are Chinese enterprises. They are all national enterprises.

No matter which enterprise, as long as competitiveness is strong, can enter the international market, expand the market share, is our pride.

State owned enterprises and private enterprises should form a pattern of win win and win win.

Policy is an obstacle to the pformation of private enterprises.

However, some state-owned enterprises seem unwilling to win with private enterprises.

In my research, I found that state owned enterprises default on private enterprise debt is not uncommon.

In some places, small businesses can only receive money after delivery for at least three months, and many are delayed for more than six months.

Many state-owned enterprises and large enterprises are still implementing the "zero inventory" system, that is, to vacate the warehouse.

Small businesses are fiercely competitive as suppliers. In order to get orders, there must be super conventional reserves to be accessible.

Small enterprises themselves are very nervous, and the problem of delinquency is even worse.

The problem of corporate arrears should also be considered in combination with financing difficulties.

In our research, we find that there is no place that does not reflect the difficulty of financing.

The people's Bank of China reported that it solved the financing problem, but private enterprises still reflected the difficulty of financing. Why?

Employees with less than 3000 employees belong to small and medium-sized enterprises, accounting for more than 90% of the total number of enterprises.

Banks say that loans to small and medium enterprises are actually benefiting from the medium enterprises. As for medium and medium sized enterprises, they can not get loans, and small businesses are more likely to get them. These are the main bodies of private enterprises.

We have learned from small talk with small entrepreneurs that many small private enterprises actually rely on usury and underground banks for financing, and they do not have formal financing channels.

Shopping malls are not battlegrounds.

On the battlefield, one side eats the other side to win.

In the market, we are competitors today, and we may become partners tomorrow.

As long as the market can be bigger, enterprises can get benefits.

If fertilizer and water flow into outsiders, enterprises can grow bigger and the market bigger.

A company annexing another enterprise should aim at achieving a win-win situation and win-win situation.

Entrepreneurs should have this vision.

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With this insight, we will find that state-owned enterprises and private enterprises have broad prospects in economic development.

State owned enterprises and private enterprises should develop and develop in parallel. Foreign enterprises, whether state-owned or private, are Chinese enterprises, whether they are state-owned enterprises or private enterprises, all of which are national brands.

Facts have proved that state-owned enterprises and private enterprises can cooperate and win well.

As we all know, we have talked about economic pformation in recent years.

Originally, the economic crisis is an important factor in forcing enterprises to pform, but the pformation has not yet been completed, the economy has recovered rapidly, and the pformation has not achieved the desired goal.

Economic pformation is a national development strategy and should be the main responsibility of state-owned enterprises. However, because the institutional reform of investment decision-making has not yet been completed, state-owned enterprises have not yet taken the decision-making power as the main body of the market in many investment decisions, and the reform of the pricing system has encountered difficulties. The unreasonable pricing of resources has exacerbated the structural incompatibility. Because structural adjustment may affect the local GDP growth rate for a period of time, the local government can not make up its mind, thus affecting the pformation of state-owned enterprises. In particular, the existence of vested interests makes state-owned enterprises satisfied with the interests of the industry's monopoly and greatly reduces the power of innovation. These factors determine that the advantages of state-owned enterprises have not been brought into play, and the economic pformation has not had the expected effect.

Private enterprises have no institutional constraints, but they are not in a hurry to change, mainly because there are still obstacles in policy.

First, there is no solution to the very important financing problems of private enterprises; the two is the shortage of skilled personnel, including the shortage of skilled workers, and the introduction of talents.

In Liaoning, I find that titles, accounts, social insurance and other issues are important obstacles for skilled personnel to run to private enterprises.

Three, there must be a market for technological pformation, so that it can be effective, but there are many restrictions on the private economy, and even the access problem remains to be solved.

In Guangdong and Liaoning, private entrepreneurs are hard pressed to enter the list of government procurement.

Not being included in the list of government procurement, even if the product innovation is doing well, it can not get the market and produce benefits.

In short, the above financing problems, technical strength problems and market access problems can not be solved. Private enterprises rely on their own strength to accomplish the task of economic pformation.

The advantage of state-owned enterprises lies in their strong technical force and large scale. The advantages of private enterprises lie in their flexibility, innovation and risk.

In early 2011, "Guanghua New Year Forum", I put forward a train of thought for the head of state-owned enterprises, telling them that private enterprises can become partners or supporting units of state-owned enterprises in many ways.

Recently, state-owned enterprises and private enterprises are exploring the form of cooperation in the aspect of independent innovation. There are about three forms of cooperation: one is the vertical mode, that is, all links in the same industry chain are state-owned enterprises and private enterprises. They should jointly explore the weak links in the industrial chain so as to achieve breakthroughs in the main innovation.

The two is horizontal mode, that is, the typical state-owned enterprises in the same industry cooperate with private enterprises to solve major technical problems in the industry and solve bottlenecks in development.

The three is the subsidiary mode. The two sides invest and create a subsidiary. They absorb the advantages of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises and specialize in research, development and promotion.

In independent innovation, state-owned enterprises and private enterprises can cooperate.

State enterprises and private enterprises can also cooperate well in expanding employment, building brands and resisting crises.

The market is "developed".

For private enterprises, it is important to be precise, stable and strong.

Enterprises are not strong in size and strength; they can grow bigger, bigger and more unstable, sooner or later, they will collapse.

I often say that small wealth depends on diligence, wealth and opportunity, and wealth on wisdom.

Today is our stage of wisdom.

Great development requires great wisdom.

We must have overall awareness and understand the current situation and economic trend.

With the awareness of the overall situation, we will always pay attention to the situation and the economic trend, and we will find that the market is changing.

In view of the market statically, the market is so large that you share more, and I share less.

But GDP is growing, and per capita income is rising, so the market will expand.

Not only that, the market can still be created.

The system of private enterprises determines its flexibility, plus a large number of private enterprises, with small size and good alignment. Private enterprises should do everything possible to find and create new markets.

How was the market developed?

1. developing new products is like creating a new market.

Suppose that there is a product abroad, and an enterprise can innovate on the original basis, which also means creating a market.

This is called re innovation.

Re innovation does not mean infringing on others' patents and intellectual property rights.

2., giving products new functions is equivalent to developing a new product and creating a new market.

Today's mobile phones are much more functional than the more than 10 years ago.

Consumers constantly buy new mobile phones with new functions, and new markets emerge.

3. consumer demand has changed. In order to adapt to this change, demand creates supply and creates market.

Fast food and instant noodles are the demand for consumer goods first, and the supply is created, and the market is created.

4. with the development of new products, a series of services have sprang up and the market has expanded.

There are many examples in this regard.

For example, after many household appliances have been developed, a series of services such as repair service, rental service and so on will rise, and the market will expand correspondingly.

5., in another way of marketing, a market revolution may take place, thus creating a market.

Mortgages in the real estate market, as well as various consumer credit methods, have led to market revolution and created new markets.

6. seize opportunities in changing markets.

This is related to the sales rules of different industries and different commodities.

Taking clothing and grain and oil markets as an example, generally speaking, the relationship between clothing, grain and oil income, price and sales volume is different.

Assuming that prices rise and revenues fall, sales of cereals and oils vary little.

Because low-income and high-income people need to buy food and cooking oil.

Clothing sales are different, but low grade clothing may be sold more, because low income earners first eat when they reduce their income. Clothes can be bought but not bought.

The sale of high-end clothing is not necessarily down, because buyers are high-income people who buy clothes as long as they want to buy them.

From this example, we can think of other commodities.

In short, an entrepreneur with vision, courage and organization is an entrepreneur who is good at creating markets and expanding the market.

An entrepreneur may also be an expert in a particular field, but he may not be an expert.

This is his superiority.

Entrepreneurs should learn to watch policies.

We say "challenges and opportunities coexist" every day, but where are the opportunities for private enterprises? In fact, a series of policies promulgated by the state have been very clear.

After the economic pformation, the breakthrough of economic growth may be in four aspects.

First, technological pformation of new energy and automotive industry.

New energy can reduce pollution, save oil, and bring about the pformation of the global automotive industry.

International requirements for environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction are getting stricter and stricter. If our technology is not up to standard, our products will not be able to go out.

China must be alert to this.

Two is the pformation of equipment manufacturing and housing construction industry driven by new materials and informatization.

If we can make breakthroughs in new materials, innovate in numerical control and intelligent equipment manufacturing, and build new housing, we will open the market.

Three is the environmental protection industry.

We should vigorously develop our own environmental protection industry to further the development of China's economy.

The four is bio medicine, including new agriculture.

The future of these industries is very broad, and people's clothing and food are among them, which has great potential for development.

These four breakthroughs require technological innovation.

Private enterprises are flexible in mechanism, dare to take risks, and have potential in independent innovation. They are not owned by state-owned enterprises, but many private enterprises have not taken advantage of this advantage.

Of course, enterprises should pay attention to realistic income, but future earnings are more important.

If an enterprise wants to annex another enterprise, its value is not how much it is worth and how much it can bring to itself, but how much money it will bring to the future.

Any investment in enterprises should be analyzed from this angle.

A discerning entrepreneur must be an entrepreneur who can clearly and accurately judge the investment and future benefits.

Independent innovation focuses on reality and future.

OEM cannot be maintained for a long time. Even introducing technology does not mean introducing technological innovation capability.

The real core technology is not bought, nor can it be bought.

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In the survey, we found that some enterprises complained about "labor shortage" and stayed on the coast.

But the real situation is: on the one hand, "people look for things"; on the other hand, "things look for people".

What we encounter is not "labor shortage", but "shortage of skilled workers".

At present, the state has made great efforts to increase investment in infrastructure construction. The construction of roads and railways mainly needs the labor force of young men in rural areas, but it still can not solve the employment problem of returning migrant workers. Some migrant workers still can not find jobs.

Why? Some of them have been out of work for many years and are not as physically strong as young people in the countryside.

Moreover, they have been working in coastal manufacturing for many years. They already have certain skills and experience, and they are unwilling to work on infrastructure sites.

For these people, they can help them to start their business after returning home.

On the other hand, the problem of migrant workers' children's education, medical insurance and social security is being solved step by step.

Private enterprises should not put their eyes on traditional coastal developed areas and should be placed in the mainland.

There, private enterprises can not only solve the problem of "labor shortage", but also attract more skilled workers than state-owned enterprises.

However, the relocation of enterprises must not bring pollution sources to the inside.

The elimination should be eliminated, and the backward and polluting enterprises should not be moved.

Enterprises with backward technology and pollution must first pform technology and pform them into internal ones.

Let me get back to the topic at the beginning. The state will attract private enterprises to develop rapidly under the premise of meeting the national development strategy through fiscal policies, tax policies, monetary and credit policies and industrial policies.

I recently went to Chongqing to investigate.

Chongqing has promulgated a policy: vigorously supporting the development of micro enterprises.

What is a micro enterprise? One is a small business, which includes the owner himself, not more than 20 people, and the two is that the capital of the venture is not more than 100 thousand yuan.

Micro enterprises can get preferential policies provided by the government, such as tax reduction and exemption, full grant of funds, help to get small amounts to solve the problem of financing difficulties; the government takes the training expenses of staff and workers, and speed up registration and bank account opening procedures, which set off a nationwide entrepreneurial fever.

What are the areas that the country needs to develop? Private entrepreneurs need to understand that our GDP should be made up of more high-tech products, because this represents the direction of China's future development.

We should know that GDP is the total quantity, and we should attach more importance to its composition.

Now, China's GDP has surpassed Japan, but from the perspective of GDP structure, we are not as good as Japan, because our high-tech industry is not as good as Japan's.

In addition, scientific and technological innovation, agricultural industrialization and the construction of farmers' professional cooperatives, county towns and central towns all provide many choices to expand domestic demand. Private entrepreneurs should adjust their own development strategies according to the current situation.