Down products Because of its light, soft and warm characteristics, it is favored by consumers. With the improvement of living standards, people are pursuing higher quality products, and their demands for health and safety are higher and higher. Feather and feather smell is the influence. Consumer An important health indicator. Odour exceeding standard indicates eiderdown Washing process Inadequate specification can cause bacterial multiplication and adverse health.
One Feather down
The stuffing material for Down garments is washed or eiderdown, and is also called washed down. Down is a keratin protein fiber, composed of about 20 kinds of alpha amino acids. The amino acid composition of feather is different from wool. It has strong acid resistance at room temperature, but its alkali resistance is weak. Even at weak temperature, the two sulfur bond of cystine will break. The feather has strong moisture absorption and is not easy to heat conduction. It is a good thermal insulation green material.
The qualified washing down must be treated by strict washing. The raw materials are washed, washed, dehydrated, cleaned and rinsed, and then processed by high temperature drying. The purpose is to remove the ash, feces, blood and oil from the raw materials, so as to achieve the purpose of disinfection and sterilization. However, if the production enterprise simplifies the washing process, shortens the washing time, eliminates the use of clean water, uses inferior detergent and disinfectant, or controls the process parameters, it may affect the effect of disinfection and sterilization.
The enterprise has not closed the aseptic operation in all links of production, storage and transportation. The down washed and unwashed eiderdown has not been stored separately. The equipment has not been strictly cleaned and sterilized according to the regulations. The warehouse is humid and the ventilation conditions are not good, and the reasons for washing down feather are caused by the mixture of strong odors and so on during the process of washing down down.
In the use of down garments, improper washing can produce peculiar smell. If alkaline detergent is used in washing, such as soap or ordinary laundry powder, the film on the surface of the down fiber will be destroyed due to the pH value of 11. The feather will cause bacteria to produce peculiar smell. Improper storage conditions of down garments are also one of the factors that produce peculiar smell. If the storage environment is relatively humid and unventilated, the down state of the dry state is very easy to suck into the water to breed bacteria and produce peculiar smell.
Two Experimental content
2.1 comparison method
International feather and feather Bureau (IDFB) "official analysis";
GB/T 10288 - 2003;
FZ/T 80001 - 2002.
2.2 sample presentation
The ten batch of eiderdown used in this experiment is shown in Table 1.
2.3 experimental operation
The international badminton and feather Bureau (IDFB) "official analysis" stipulates that the method of measuring odors is to place a certain amount of sample into a jar with a spiral cover or a lid. After being soaked in distilled water, put it in a 40 degree circulating air furnace for 24 h, remove it and open it for testing. If there is a smell of corruption, the sample is not qualified.
Table 10 batches of down feather
Sample number
Cashmere content /%|
Sample 1
Eighty-eight point two
|
Sample 2
Eighty-eight
|
Sample 3
Ninety point two
|
Sample 4
Eighty-eight
|
Sample 5
Eighty point six
|
Sample 6 (ash)
Eighty point nine
|
Sample 7
Eighty-one point two
|
Sample 8
Fifty-nine point one
|
Sample 9
Sixty-four point nine
|
Sample 10 (goose)
Eighty-six point seven
|
GB/T 10288 – 2003 odour determination method is fixed temperature dry olfactory discrimination method: the samples that are mixed and divided according to the prescribed method are loosely put into the sealed container without smell, then 24 h, and then each is called 10 g, and then put in 2 bottles of jar with distilled water washed and dried and cooled. The bottle cap is covered with the bottle cap, and the bottle is put into the thermostat box at the temperature of 50 degrees for 1 h. After cooling, the bottle is opened and sniffed in the odor free environment.
FZ/T 80001 – 2002 odour determination method: 5 normal olfactory inspectors can smell the 50g down samples uniformly extracted in the tasteless container at room temperature. If the 3 results of 5 inspectors are the same, they will be used as evaluation results.
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Three experimental result
3.1 international feather and feather Bureau (IDFB) official analysis method test record
Ten batch of feather down international feather and feather Bureau (IDFB) official analysis method test results are shown in Table 2:
Table 2 official data analysis of original records
Sample batch
Laboratory Technician|
Experimenter 1
Experimenter 2
Experimenter 3
Experimenter 4
Experimenter 5
determine
|
Sample 1
nothing
nothing
nothing
nothing
nothing
nothing
|
Sample 2
nothing
nothing
nothing
nothing
nothing
nothing
|
Sample 3
nothing
Yes
nothing
nothing
nothing
nothing
|
Sample 4
nothing
nothing
nothing
Yes
nothing
nothing
|
Sample 5
Yes
nothing
nothing
nothing
nothing
nothing
|
Sample 6 (ash)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
|
Sample 7
Yes
Yes
nothing
Yes
Yes
Yes
|
Sample 8
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
|
Sample 9
nothing
nothing
nothing
Yes
nothing
nothing
|
Sample 10 (goose)
nothing
nothing
nothing
nothing
nothing
nothing
|
Note: "yes" indicates that there is a smell of corruption, and the sample is considered unqualified.
When the feather is soaked or distilled in the distilled water, it is easy to be smelly and smelly by the smell of fine meat residue and blood stains. But this method needs special equipment such as circulating air furnace, and the testing procedure is rather complicated.
3.2 GB/T 10288 - Two thousand and three Results of odour determination methods
The 10 batch of feather down uses the GB/T 10288 - 2003 odor detection method. The results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 GB/T 10288 - 2003 original record of measured data
Sample batch
Laboratory Technician|
Experimenter 1
Experimenter 2
Experimenter 3
Experimenter 4
Experimenter 5
|
Sample 1
Two
Two
Two
Two
Two
|
Sample 2
One
One
Two
Two
One
|
Sample 3
Three
Two
Two
Two
Three
|
Sample 4
Three
Two
Two
Two
Two
|
Sample 5
Two
Two
Two
One
One
|
Sample 6 (ash)
Two
One
Two
One
One
|
Sample 7
Three
Three
Three
Two
Two
|
Sample 8
Two
Two
Three
One
Two
|
Sample 9
Two
Three
Three
Two
Two
|
Sample 10 (goose)
Two
Three
Three
Three
Three
|
Note 1: the product standard of Chinese down garments is GB/T 14272-2002 "down garments", among which the requirements for the smell of feather quality indicators are less than 2, that is, the down garments allow for the existence of faint smell of stuffing feathers.
Note 2: the figure in table is 0 (no smell), 1 (extreme), 2 (weak) and 3 (obvious).
GB/T 10288 – 2003 odour determination method specifies a clear sample pretreatment method: 24 h in a non odor sealed container, and 1 h in a constant temperature box at 50 degrees centigrade. In this way, the down sample is in a completely loose state, which is conducive to maximizing the possible smell.
Three point three FZ/T 80001 - Two thousand and two Results of odour determination methods
The 10 batch of feather down uses the FZ/T 80001 - 2002 odor detection method. The results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 FZ/T 80001 - 2002 original record of measured data
Laboratory personnel
Sample batch
Experimenter 1|
Experimenter 2
Experimenter 3
Experimenter 4
Experimenter 5
Sample 1
One
One
One
Two
Two
|
Sample 2
One
One
Two
One
One
|
Sample 3
Two
Two
One
Two
Three
|
Sample 4
Two
One
Two
Two
Two
|
Sample 5
Two
Two
One
One
One
|
Sample 6 (ash?)
Two
One
Two
One
One
|
Sample 7
Three
Two
Three
Two
Two
|
Sample 8
Two
Two
Two
One
Two
|
Sample 9
Two
Three
Three
Two
Two
|
Sample 10 (goose)
Two
Two
Two
One
Three
|
Note: the number in the table is 0 (no smell), 1 (extreme), 2 (weak) and 3 (obvious).
The FZ/T 80001 – 2002 odorant determination method does not specify the sample pretreatment requirements, neither does the time requirement for the sealed container nor does it require the heating treatment. Moreover, when the 5 inspectors sniffed out the results did not appear to be 3 people, how to evaluate the results was not explained.
Four Comparison of qualified numbers of various methods for samples
The qualification rate of the three test methods of the 10 samples was obviously higher than that of the FZ/T 80001-2002. The official badminton feathers (IDFB) official odor analysis method is the most stringent method. The reason for this may be due to the difference in the way of pretreatment. Some of the spore bacteria in the down samples are still in a state of no resuscitation, and no odor has yet been produced.
Five conclusion
1) the international feather and feather Bureau (IDFB) "official analysis" can identify a relatively subtle odor, but requires special instruments, and the operation is more complicated. GB/T 10288 – 2003 odour determination method stipulates a clear sample pretreatment method, which is conducive to the accurate judgement of odor; the FZ/T 80001 - 2002 odor pretreatment method is not clear in the sample pretreatment regulations, and the result is not specified in detail. If the 5 inspectors do not smell the same result, no decision is provided.
2) according to the experimental data, pre-processing can cause poor comparability of experimental data.
3) it is recommended that the GB/T 10288 - 2003 method be used to judge the odors when the domestic comparison and the customers do not have clear standard requirements. In dealing with export samples or customers explicitly request the international feather and feather Bureau (IDFB) "official analysis method", the international feather and feather Bureau (IDFB) "official analysis method" is used to judge the odor.
