China Cotton Release National Cotton Output Value, Cost And Revenue Monitoring Report

In December 2015, the China Cotton Institute and the national cotton industry technology system project team investigated in December 2015, 90 of the 160 fixed sample counties of 15 cotton producing provinces in Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Tianjin, Qin, Jin, Gan and new (territory and military), and 1200 households in 5000 fixed sample households, and got the data from 1 to December.

For decision-making reference.

1. In 2015, the output value of the main cotton products decreased and the net income was negative. The difference between the three major producing areas was large.

The output of seed cotton in China is 261.3 kg / mu, which is 3.2% higher than that in 2014.

The three largest catchment, the Yangtze River 220.3 kg / mu, increased by 6.5%; the Yellow River 240.4 kg / mu, 2.2%; Northwest 283.1 kg / mu, 1.7% (Table 1).

The output value of the main cotton product in China is 1486.93 yuan / mu, minus 21.65 yuan / mu, minus 1.4%.

The output value of the three major river basins is 1248.36 yuan / mu of the Yangtze River, increasing by 136.12 yuan yuan per mu, increasing by 12.2%.

The Yellow River 1417.29 yuan / mu, minus 97.32 yuan / mu, minus 6.4%.

Northwest 1585.25 yuan / mu, minus 168.36 yuan / mu, minus 9.6%.

The net income of cotton main products -22.33 yuan / mu, increased by 39.09 yuan / mu compared to the same period, and the relative income increased by 63.6%.

The net income of the three major river basins is -174.01 yuan / mu of the Yangtze River, an increase of 256.51 yuan per mu compared with the same period last year, and the relative increase is 59.6%. The Yellow River's 349.75 yuan / Mu has increased by 43.81 yuan / mu, increasing by 14.3%; and the Northwest -160.72 yuan / Mu has been reduced by 31.22 yuan yuan per mu, minus 24.1%.

Monitoring results (table 1), in 2015, all the sample farmers received subsidies, the national weighted subsidy amount was 349.70 yuan / mu, a net increase of 334.70 yuan / mu, an increase of 2231.4%.

The subsidy comes from Xinjiang's target price of 19800 yuan / ton in 2014, subsidy of 6263 yuan / ton, and monitoring of the median of Xinjiang.

It is 491.23 yuan / mu.

Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Henan and Gansu countries subsidized cotton lint 2000 yuan / ton, estimated the median subsidy of 9 provinces in 170.75 yuan / mu, and the local subsidy in Tianjin was 156 yuan / mu.

Analysis of the main reasons for the reduction of cotton production cost in two and 2015

(1) the decrease in seed cotton prices resulted in a reduction in the cost of cotton seed production and a slight increase in yield per unit area. The main reason for increasing the yield of the main product was 39.09 yuan per mu. First, the selling price of seed cotton was reduced by 0.27 yuan / kg, the yield of seed cotton was reduced by 2014 yuan per year, and the yield of seed cotton was reduced by 67.70 yuan / mu; the yield per seed cotton increased by 8.1 kg / mu, and the seed cotton price was increased by 46.05 yuan per mu in 2015.

The two is the total cost reduction, that is, the relative increase of 60.74 yuan yuan / mu, therefore, compared with the 2014 income, the relative increase of 39.09 yuan / mu in 2015.

(two) the cost of materialization increased, labor costs decreased, and labor cost accounted for 11.06 percentage points of physical and chemical costs.

1, the total cost of production is decreasing.

In 2015, it dropped 3.9% to 1509.26 yuan / mu, and dropped 60.74 yuan yuan per mu (Table 1).

In total cost, the total cost of physicochemical cost is 622.80 yuan / mu, increased by 33.74 yuan per mu, or 5.7% increased by 41.27% yuan.

Labor costs accounted for 52.3% of the total cost of 789.65 yuan / mu, 124.92 yuan / mu, 13.66% reduction.

This is related to the large number of cotton pickers in Xinjiang and the area of machine production area. In 2015, the total number of cotton pickers in Xinjiang reached 2400 hectare, which was close to saturation. The area of machine harvested was about 10 million mu, falling by 9%, and the cost per unit area decreased by 50 yuan / mu.

Fixed costs accounted for 2.43% of the total cost of 36.70 yuan / mu, an increase of 4.67 yuan yuan / mu, an increase of 14.6%.

Indirect expenses account for 3.98% of the total cost of 60.11 yuan / mu, an increase of 25.77 yuan / mu, an increase of 75%.

2, the cost of materialization increases.

In 2015, the cost of materialization increased by 5.7% to 622.80 yuan per mu, increasing by 33.74 yuan per mu.

Further analysis, fertilizer reduced 41.7 yuan yuan / mu, reduced by 16.9%.

The cost of machinery operation increased by 37.61 yuan per mu, increasing by 59.6%.

Irrigation and drainage costs increased by 22.57 yuan per mu, an increase of 26.6%.

Pesticides and herbicides increased by 7.13 yuan yuan per mu, an increase of 6.8%.

Plastic film decreased by 4.7 yuan / mu, minus 13%.

Conversion fee increased by 15.70 yuan / mu, increased by 224.3%.

The cost of pplanting and pplanting is reduced by 3.95 yuan per mu, or 46.5%.

Seed fee reduced by 1.3 yuan / mu, minus 3.1%.

Fertilizer part: urea reduced 2.6 yuan / mu, reduced by 5.7%; potash fertilizer increased 10 yuan / mu, increased by 44.9%.

Compound fertilizer increased by 9.6 yuan / mu, increased by 19.5%; diammonium reduced 11 yuan yuan / mu, reduced 20.4%.

In addition, organic fertilizer reduced by 18.52 yuan / mu, reduced by 43.5%.

The increase of irrigation and drainage fees, mechanical operation fees and chemical control fees is the main reason for the increase in the cost of physical and chemical production.

Monitoring results, irrigation and drainage costs 107.6 yuan / mu, increased by 22.57 yuan / mu, an increase of 26.6%, which is closely related to the extreme persistent high temperature weather in Xinjiang in 2015 years, and the increase of irrigation times and irrigation amount in the long term drought in North China.

The cost of machinery operation is 100.7 yuan per mu, increased by 37.61 yuan per mu, an increase of 59.6%.

The price of agricultural materials increased and decreased, of which diammonium phosphate, compound fertilizer and potassium fertilizer increased, and the unit price of plastic film, urea and superphosphate decreased.

The amount of urea increased by 2 kg / mu, increased by 9.3%; the amount of potash fertilizer increased by 2.5 kg / mu, increased by 35.8%; the amount of diammonium decreased by 4.4 kg / mu, 22.3%; and the amount of compound fertilizer increased by 1.4 kg / mu, 6.9%.

Pesticide and herbicide 112.1 yuan / mu, an increase of 7.13 yuan yuan / mu, an increase of 6.8%.

3, labor cost reduced by 13.7%.

In 2015, the total amount of cotton planting in China was 11.6 mu / mu, a decrease of 2.3 per mu per worker / mu and a decrease of 16.5%, which is closely related to the upgrading of mechanization level.

The decrease in employment is the main reason for the reduction of labor costs, and the price of self employment rises by 2.13% to 67.83 yuan / labor.

The labor cost per unit area was reduced to 789.65 yuan / mu (Table 1), reducing 124.92 yuan / mu and 13.7%.

Self employed workers accounted for 80% and employed workers accounted for 20%.

4, increase in fixed costs.

In 2015, the fixed cost of cotton production was 36.70 yuan / mu, increased by 4.67 yuan per mu, increased by 14.6%.

5, indirect costs increase.

The indirect cost of cotton production in 2015 was 60.11 yuan / mu, increased by 25.77 yuan yuan / mu, increased by 75%.

Including land rent, drainage and irrigation fees and seed cotton sale and pportation costs.

The rental fee is 50 yuan / mu, an increase of 127.3% over 2014.

(three) the ratio of cotton to grain and fertilizer in main production areas is changing.

1, grain and cotton prices have increased or decreased.

Monitoring results, 2015 years

The selling price was reduced by 7%, the rice (Yangtze River) price dropped by 3.42% to 7.76%, and the wheat (the Yellow River and northwest) reduced by 14.38%. From the price point of view, the price of rice was -0.30% to 25.60%, the price of wheat was reduced by 14.38%, and the cotton price increased by 62.6% compared with the price of 2000 yuan /t.

The price of corn in the Yellow River dropped by 0.57%, and the price of cotton and corn shrank by 12.57%.

The ratio of lint cotton (rice to cotton) to early rice, middle season rice and late rice has changed from 1:4.9, 1:4.5 and 1:4.5 in 2014 to 2015, 1:5.0, 1:4.8 and 1:4.5 in the Yangtze River Basin.

The Yellow River basin: the lint price between lint and wheat (wheat: cotton) rose from 1: 5.1 in 2014 to 1: 5.7 in 2015; and the price of corn decreased from 1 to 5.6 in 2014, to 1:5.5.

2, the "scissors difference" is reduced.

In 2015, the price of urea in cotton area decreased by 13.6% compared with that in 2014. The ratio between cotton and urea (fertilizer: cotton) decreased from 1: 6.5 in 2014 to 1: 6.7 in the Yellow River; from 1 to 7.4 in 2014, to 1:6.8 in the northwest, and from 1: 7.5 in 2014 to 1:7.0 in the northwest.

(four) decrease of lint per kilogram

In 2015, according to the sample lint yield of 96.7 kg / mu, the cost of producing lint per kilogram was 15.61 yuan, which was reduced by 16.68 yuan / kg from 2014 to 1.07 yuan / kg, or 6.4%.

Three. Discussion, problems and suggestions

(1) production cost and per kilogram

The cost has declined for 2 consecutive years.

According to the monitoring results, the cost of cotton production decreased by 3.9% in 2015 compared with 2014, and the cost per kilogram of lint fell by 6.4%.

2014 annual production costs fell by 2.4% compared with 2013, and the cost per kilogram of lint fell by 3%.

Production costs fell for 2 consecutive years, which is beneficial to increasing cotton farmers' income.

The decline of cost stems from the upgrading of mechanization level and the reduction of cost of physical and chemical inputs, indicating the importance and necessity of mechanization of cotton planting.

(two) cotton planting can yield labour benefits.

In the labor cost of 789.65 yuan / mu in 2015, the self employment price increased by 2.13%, and the self employment cost was 629.46 yuan yuan / mu, accounting for 80% of the labor cost. The cost of employing workers was 157.93 yuan / mu, accounting for 20% of the labor cost.

If the cost of self employment is used as the wage income of peasant labor, there will be an income of 629.46 yuan yuan per mu, plus a weighted subsidy of 349.70 yuan per mu, with a profit of 979.16 yuan per mu.

However, the increase in the number of employees has led to a decrease in the labor income of the peasants, of which the proportion of Northwest employed workers is 31.3%, which is higher than the 11.3 percentage points in the whole country.

This is unfavorable for large-scale cotton planting.

Therefore, cotton science and technology progress and industrial policy should focus on supporting large-scale cotton planting in the future.