What Are The Problems Behind The "White Industry"?

Look at the yard's pile of mountain cotton.

Zhu Guoping, a farmer in tun Mack village, dun Kuo Tan Town, Kuche County, Akesu, is not happy, but eyebrows are locked: "the price is too low, not enough Ben!"

"Global cotton look at China, China"

Look at Xinjiang.

This year, the main cotton producing areas in Xinjiang, natural disasters caused a reduction in production, purchasing prices continued to decline, the "white industry" is facing unprecedented challenges.

Production and prices are falling, market sales are weak, there are policy subsidies, but cotton farmers are still hard to maintain.

In the Awati County of Akesu, the cotton was basically picked and cotton stalks swaying in the wind.

"This year's cotton has been fixed, even the loan is not up!" farmer Guma Yiming face helpless, "first cotton growth period high temperature, water shortage, cause flowers and bolls to fall off, in September, even after several heavy rain, production greatly reduced."

Affected by climate change, his home cotton yield per mu this year is only 170 kilograms, almost half cut.

The eighth division of the Xinjiang production and Construction Corps is 150 regiment.

In the past, the average yield per mu reached more than 300 kilograms, and the best this year is about 250 kilograms. The output has come down, but the prices of agricultural machinery, pesticide and fertilizer are all rising.

Many growers have been busy for a year, and even have failed to keep their books.

According to the statistics of Xinjiang Cotton Association, the cotton planting area of this year is 33 million mu, which is 9.5% lower than that of last year.

Affected by the weather, the cotton yield per unit area has decreased. Cotton production is estimated to be between 15% and 20% this year, and the cotton output in the whole region is estimated to be between 3 million 800 thousand and 4 million tons.

At the end of October, the research group of China Cotton Association went to Xinjiang to investigate. The result shows that the quality of new cotton has dropped down this year.

The demand for textiles is low and the quality of new cotton is poor.

Low price of cotton yarn and other factors, the number of customers significantly reduced compared with previous years, Xinjiang cotton overall sales slump.

In recent years, China's cotton market has fluctuated greatly, especially in Xinjiang, the phenomenon of "selling cotton is difficult".

In order to protect the interests of cotton farmers, since 2011, the state has implemented the temporary cotton purchase and storage policy for 3 consecutive years, which has played an important role in stabilizing domestic cotton production and protecting the interests of farmers.

But at the same time, it also causes domestic and foreign cotton prices to hang upside down, and the cost of raw materials in the downstream textile industry remains high.

In order to solve the dilemma of the "white industry", in 2014, the central government decided to implement the pilot project of cotton target price reform in Xinjiang. 60% of the central subsidy fund was supplementation according to the cotton planting area, and 40% was supplementation according to the actual sales volume.

But the "area + sale" subsidy has a large workload and a high administrative cost.

Since September this year, the subsidy mode has been adjusted, and 90% of the funds are mainly subsidized according to the actual sales volume.

Despite subsidies, many cotton growers say that this year's income is not as good as last year due to natural disasters.

Zhang Wenjun, a cotton grower in Cha and special Township, Fengxian County, has planted 1094 mu of cotton this year. "The cost of collecting 2.3 yuan per kilogram is artificially picked up. The average selling price is only 5.3 yuan / kilogram. Even if there is a subsidy, the income of this year is still in the bottom."

Beginning in late September, cotton purchasing enterprises in Kuche County started to scale up one after another, and the purchase price was about 5.1 yuan per kilogram, which was about one yuan lower than last year's kilogram.

Zhu Guoping planted 610 mu of cotton this year. Although the price is low, he sold part of it. "There is no way to pick up the cost and pay the loan. Some of the remaining part hopes to sell a good price."

But the price of cotton, which is like "swallowing water", has eaten up his last hope. "Wait, no, you can't sell it!" Zhu Guoping said with great force.

Insurance claims are difficult, farmers' enthusiasm is frustrated, and there is no bottom in adjusting the planting plan.

In order to mitigate the impact of natural disasters on agricultural production, most farmers choose to purchase agricultural insurance.

Many cotton farmers believe that insurance companies should settle their claims in the face of the cotton reduction this year.

In fact, it is not easy to get compensation.

Guma Yiming said cotton premiums per mu were 14 yuan, which has not changed over the past few years, and the villagers have paid regularly.

"This year is affected by high temperature, rain and other weather, resulting in a significant decline in cotton production, which is caused by natural disasters, should be awarded.

But the farmer applied to the insurance company for identification and compensation. The company has not sent anyone to investigate, nor has it said anything about compensation.

In the past, we also reflected high temperatures and droughts. Every time we replied to normal conditions, we never made claims.

The staff of the Xinjiang branch of PICC said on the phone that the insurance claims for cotton, including losses caused by strong winds and hail, had just included the loss of pests and diseases this year.

However, losses caused by high temperatures are not within the scope of claims.

Cotton production, cotton prices decline, cotton growers have been frustrated, many cotton farmers will adjust the planting plan next year.

"We are also thinking about not planting cotton next year, but we are accustomed to planting other crops."

Guma Yiming said he had plans to give up planting cotton, but for him, it was also a challenge to replant crops that were unfamiliar to him.

Unlike Guma Yiming, Batur Abla of the Tso Tower Village in the county of Kuche was adjusted ahead of schedule.

His family has 45 acres of land and has been planting cotton before.

Because cotton prices were bad last year, according to the recommendations of the village, all of them were converted into sugar beets this year. "A few days ago, they were dragged to the cooperatives in the village and sold for 100 thousand yuan, and the money had already been received.

If we did not listen to the recommendations in the village, we made timely adjustments, and this year there is no such a good income. "

In response to the adjustment of the national cotton purchase policy, Xinjiang made a response as early as the beginning of this year, and issued a guiding plan for reducing cotton planting area in 2015. The annual plan is to reduce cotton planting area by 4 million 665 thousand mu and reduce the scale to 15.72%.

Behind the cotton price is the problem of industrial upgrading, establishing a unified cotton seed management system, and guiding the concentration to the dominant producing areas.

"Last year, we subsidized 1.3 yuan per kilogram of cotton and sold it at an average price of 7 yuan per kilogram of cotton. What else do we know this year?" Kurban Iti planted 45 mu of cotton in kimu o La village. This year, production is reduced, and the purchase price is low, so it is difficult to repay the loan.

A total of 130 villagers have planted cotton through bank loans this year, with a personal loan of 50 thousand yuan and a total loan amount of 2 million yuan.

But at present, only 30 households can repay the loan through the sale of cotton.

Yan An, a resident cadre of Xinjiang Agricultural University, said that some of the villagers had not been able to sell the cotton this year, and the funds had not yet been returned. In addition, cotton production and prices were double low this year, and the sales amount was not enough to repay the loan.

This will lead to bad credit records, which will be even more difficult next year.

"Cotton is an important cash crop in Xinjiang and the main source of income for many farmers. The state's adjustment of cotton purchase policy is conducive to the integration of cotton prices with international standards, but subsidy policy should be flexible, and how to issue further research is needed."

Yan An said that in the case of widespread cotton disaster this year, the number of subsidies will affect the enthusiasm of cotton growers.

Dai Gongxing, President of the China Cotton Association, pointed out at the national cotton situation analysis conference that China's stock of staple agricultural products is generally large, and the price is higher than that of foreign countries. The import volume is large, and the supply of cotton market exceeds demand, and the space for price increase is small.

Moreover, domestic cotton has structural problems, low grade cotton supply is excessive, and high-grade cotton is relatively scarce, so it is difficult to meet the production requirements of downstream textile enterprises.

"Cotton Research Report of Xinjiang" put forward the problem of cotton quality in Xinjiang this year. The external factors are climatic reasons, and the internal factors are too many varieties, too much miscellaneous management and lack of unified management.

It is necessary to establish a unified cotton variety management system, encourage scientific research institutions to cultivate high-quality varieties, strictly manage seed market, avoid mixed degeneration and quality deterioration.

Experts believe that behind the cotton price is the problem of industrial upgrading. The way out is to promote the upgrading of cotton industry from quantity to quality and efficiency.

At the same time, we should use policies to guide Xinjiang cotton to concentrate on the dominant producing areas, optimize the industrial structure and industrial layout, and guide cotton farmers to actively adopt new varieties and technologies, increase yields per unit, reduce costs, and enhance the market competitiveness of intensive, specialized, organized and socialized production of cotton.