Moisture Absorption Of Wool Is The Most Waterproof Fiber Among Textile Fibers

Wool grows on sheep and belongs to thousands of individual hair fibers. Wool can be divided into fine wool, medium fiber, coarse fiber and carpet wool. The quality of wool depends on feeding, climate, food, care and health. Wool is naturally curly, with elasticity and strength. Its elasticity and shrinkage are stronger than other animal fibers. Wool is hygroscopic, yes spin The most waterproof fiber among the fibers.

Wool characteristics need innovation

When wool is blended with other fibers, it can strengthen the properties of other fibers, so blending can create new products, improve product quality, and create unparalleled market benefits. Textile materials with the same property can be blended to enhance value, protect the body, and make the color more beautiful and beautiful.

Wool textile depends on production technology. The products produced under the semi worsted technology system are more easily recognized by the market. Dyeing is as easy as cotton fiber, but wool fiber needs carding, and worsted wool yarn needs very delicate carding. Short wool yarn is also softer than worsted wool. The worsted yarn is considered superior to synthetic fiber yarn because it is tightly twisted, and the worsted wool fabric has a smooth surface and a pleasant feel. If blended with cotton fiber, it will produce a heavy and smooth feeling, more prone to wrinkling, fading and aging.

As mentioned before, wool and cotton fibers are easy to print and dye. Its molecular structure is better than that of polymer fiber. Of course, printing and dyeing wool can improve its quality and have artistic effect, which can enhance beauty and luster. The printing and dyeing of wool has a long history in the world. From natural dyes to synthetic dyes, wool has been subjected to the baptism of technology to make its quality increasingly excellent. Nowadays, people find that synthetic dyes will bring a series of side effects to human beings, most notably affecting health and the environment. Therefore, they found that natural dyeing is safer and more environmentally friendly, but also increasingly expensive.

Environmental awareness promotes printing and dyeing innovation

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, people are more and more willing to carry out extensive research and exploration. In India, China and western developed countries, the printing and dyeing materials of wool depend on the end use of wool. In India, the washing process of wool is very unique. Indians soak the wool fiber overnight and then rinse it to remove all impurities, and then process it in other ways.

In Australia, there is almost no blending of merino wool. Australians believe that wool has certain natural greasy and impure substances, so it should not be blended. However, in order to be pure and natural, they innovatively used carmine seed dyes, which were also used in Mexico and the Caribbean, because the local area is rich in such seed dyes. This material not only has good color fixation, fresh color, durability, health and environmental protection, but also can be used for food, soap and cosmetics dyeing. It is sustainable, and various color combinations are also very harmonious and beautiful. In addition, Australians have also developed a variety of natural pigments for printing and dyeing wool fibers, such as turmeric, carotene, etc. Some pigments can even cure diseases. For example, Indians use turmeric pigment to treat stomach diseases. And turmeric is not easy to change color, and water cannot decolorize it. Indians even developed pomegranate skin pigment with a concentration of 1%.

Wool printing and dyeing are innovative and diversified

There are also many innovations in dyeing methods. In addition, the best dyeing time is also very particular, and the effect varies greatly with different dyeing time. There are 48 hours of dyeing, 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes of dyeing, so the degree of wool dipping is also different. In addition, the dyeing concentration is also different, with 2%, 4%, 6% and other differences. In a word, dyeing varies according to its use and effect, as well as the quality of wool. In any case, the most commonly used natural pigments are carmine and turmeric pigments. These two pigments depend on the concentration of the dye and the extraction time, ranging from 30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes. In addition, the dyeing of wool yarn is different. After making the best dyeing scheme, it also needs to choose the best concentration and time. Australian Merino wool and Balate wool are 100% pure wool, so the dyeing process and concentration are also different.

Testing of printing and dyeing of wool yarn

Westerners' printing and dyeing of wool yarn depends more on data. After printing and dyeing, they also carry out post printing strength test, water absorption test, color fixation test, tensile test and color test. In addition, the number of wool yarns should also be systematically tested to meet the requirements of international standards. And all kinds of tests have their own standards and samples, and then the weight test of every thousand wool yarns. The test of strength and elongation of wool yarn is the most important, and the flexibility also belongs to the important test category. This kind of test needs to be repeated to determine its quality and whether it can be used for wool production.

In addition, the test of chromaticity and water absorption is more complex. Spectral photometric data is completely dependent on the K/S value, which is a water absorption ratio. This ratio must also be digitized and obtained through careful calculation. Then obtain the photometric data of the dye solution before use. Not only that, the spectrograph should also calculate the chromaticity that should be used based on the conversion from nanometer to metric system.

Color fastness test

Each kind of printing and dyeing sample needs to be tested for protection from light, washing, rubbing and perspiration. The most popular washing test standard in the West is ISI Tester 3. The color fastness to rubbing is based on AATCC Test Method 8-1974, and the color fastness to sunlight is based on ISI-971-1156, and then the gray scale is fully evaluated according to the color fastness data and changes of the sample.

In recent years, western experts have found that the carmine and turmeric pigments in natural pigments can print and dye wool yarn quickly, so that color fastness can be obtained quickly. In the past, the color fastness was only 2~3 grades, but now the color fastness is 4~5 grades, which indicates that the color fastness of natural pigments can be no worse than that in the past even in the sun, without color change, and the color change is very small after repeated washing. It turns out that this is due to the small change of acid and base in the pigment.

Strength test of wool yarn after printing and dyeing

Compared with the original yarn, the strength change of Merino wool yarn is only 1%. The extensibility of single merino wool yarn is improved.

To sum up, spinning wool industry scholars believe that compared with other fibers, wool fiber is the most capable of absorbing natural pigments, and is also the most suitable for human use clothes Structure, the most attractive ideal fiber material, is also the most odor absorbing, easy to wash, and most comfortable fiber material.