Raw Materials Restrict Cotton Circulation System In Textile Industry

The most prominent manifestation of "bad environment" is the restriction of raw materials.

Open the wardrobe and open the seam clothes As can be seen from the fabric composition label on the inside, most fabrics are composed of cotton, polyester (polyester fiber), spandex, nylon, Modal, etc. In addition to cotton being a natural fiber, the following words are all chemical fibers. Cotton and chemical fiber, spin The two main raw materials of industry are facing different difficulties.

　 The price of domestic cotton is upside down, and import needs quota

"One ton of domestic cotton costs 19000 yuan, while the medium and low count cotton yarns from India and Pakistan are imported into China, and the tariff and freight are not more than 17000 yuan per ton. Our raw materials are 2000 yuan more expensive than others' products. How can we play?" On June 3, at the China International Cotton Textile Conference held in Nanjing and the China International Textile Raw Materials Market, The owner of a cotton textile enterprise complained to China Economic Weekly in distress.

In 2010, the domestic cotton price experienced a roller coaster like ups and downs, rising 16000 yuan/ton in eight months and falling 5100 yuan/ton in 20 days. Cotton farmers and textile enterprises suffered terribly.

In order to protect cotton farmers, in March 2011, the state introduced the lowest price purchase and storage policy. In 2012, the purchase and storage price was raised to 20400 yuan/ton. In 2013, the price of cotton will remain at 20400 yuan/ton.

The state will sell cotton to cotton textile enterprises by auction after the cotton is collected and stored. In 2012, the starting price of selling and storing was 19000 yuan/ton.

However, since the second half of 2011, due to the European debt crisis and other impacts, the international cotton price has continued to decline. If the initial auction price of selling and storing this year also remains at 19000 yuan/ton of the previous year, China's cotton price will continue to be higher than the international cotton price.

However, this is not only the reason for the reduction of enterprise profits, but also the quality of domestic cotton.

"Apart from Xinjiang cotton, it is difficult to use domestic cotton to make high value-added and high-grade yarn and fabric." Chen Jiaolan, general manager of Detai Textile in Qingyuan, Guangdong, told China Economic Weekly, "There are many 'three silk' (silk, hemp, hair, etc. mixed in the cotton, commonly known as' three silk ') and sundries in the domestic cotton. An inch long plastic is mixed in it, and hundreds of defects will be found during spinning."

With the implementation of two new national standards for cotton processing (Cotton Fine Lint and Cotton Sawtooth Processing GB1103.1 and Cotton Fine Lint and Cotton Roller Processing GB1103.2) from September 1 this year, cotton spinning enterprises believe that only imported cotton from the United States and Australia can meet the raw material requirements of the new national standards.

But import cotton needs quota, which makes Chen Jiaolan dare not bid for import cotton. According to the regulations, one ton of imported cotton should be bought with three tons of domestic cotton, which is expensive and unreliable in quality. This is a bit risky for any textile enterprise.

Small, medium-sized and micro enterprises are struggling to survive, while large enterprises are struggling to maintain. China Resources Textile is a subsidiary of China Resources Group, a large central enterprise. According to Di Hui, the deputy general manager of the company, the company's monthly profit was several million yuan in the past, but now only several hundred thousand yuan. Another leading enterprise, Anhui Huarun, is a "quality and efficiency" enterprise that has made profits for 39 consecutive years. Zhan Lingzhi, the chairman of the board, said that this year's profits were too small for her to say.

　 PX is in urgent need of chemical fiber raw materials

The chemical fiber, which accounts for most of the textile raw materials, also has a hard time.

Zhao Xiangdong, vice president of China Chemical Fiber Industry Association, revealed that in 2012, China's total chemical fiber output reached 37.92 million tons, of which the polyester (polyester fiber) output was 30.57 million tons, accounting for more than 70% of the world's total polyester. From January to April this year, the profit margin of China's chemical fiber industry fell 11.62% compared with the same period last year.

The chemical fiber industry chain is long. Take polyester as an example. Before becoming a textile, it has to go through the process of "PX-PTA polyester".

The self-sufficiency of PTA in China has been continuously enhanced. But the supply of raw material PX for processing PTA is very tight. Public data shows that the domestic textile industry needs 27 million tons of PX every year.

As a low toxic chemical product, PX project has been repeatedly boycotted by the public in recent years. The downstream product of PX polyester clothing It is widely used in household textiles and industrial textiles - many sports clothing fabrics that absorb moisture and dry quickly are made of this material. An interesting phenomenon is that when people everywhere boycott the PX project, many banners, vests and masks with slogans are also made of PX's "grandson" polyester.

The fierce resistance of the public led to the obstruction of the expansion of PX production capacity in China, which further aggravated the crisis of raw material supply.

"Now the PX gap is about half, which is another major risk in textile raw materials. If most of PX depends on foreign imports, it will definitely be a major constraint on the chemical fiber industry." Wang Tiankai, president of the China Textile Industry Federation, told China Economic Weekly. In the long run, the high price of PX will inevitably lead to lower profits of PTA industry, which will make it difficult to develop healthily, and the follow-up capacity supply may be insufficient.

　　 Cotton circulation system needs to be reformed urgently

Wang Tiankai roughly estimated that under the pressure of high cotton prices and high price differences at home and abroad, the production lines of small and medium-sized textile enterprises closed last year exceeded 10 million spindles, equivalent to the total capacity closed during the reform of state-owned enterprises from 1997 to 1999. It is roughly estimated that about 100000 people left the cotton textile industry last year.

But this is not the survival of the fittest under fair competition. The cotton circulation system of the planned economy of "lowest price collection and storage+import quota" has hurt the competitiveness of China's cotton textile industry.

In March 2003, China National Reserve Cotton Management Corporation (hereinafter referred to as CCSC) was established as a central policy enterprise to manage the national reserve cotton. Entrusted by the State Council, CCSC is specifically responsible for the operation and management of the national reserve cotton. "Ensuring safety and stabilizing the market tide is its core task.

"The cotton purchase and storage policy plays a role in stabilizing the domestic cotton price, but the domestic cotton price is still much higher than that of foreign countries. Our textile industry is not only a domestic competition, but also wants to participate in international competition." President Wang Tiankai said, "If all the leaders of the enterprise have taken charge of cotton, does he still have the energy to engage in management? Do he still have the energy to engage in transformation? Do he still have the energy to engage in upgrading?"

In the interview, industry associations and enterprises said that they all supported the protection of cotton farmers, but they hoped to change the way of protection, use direct subsidy policy instead of storage, reduce intermediate links, narrow the price gap between domestic and foreign cotton, and let textile enterprises in a fairer competition.

As for the problems faced by the chemical fiber industry, the China Chemical Fiber Industry Association is also taking active action. Zhao Xiangdong, vice president of the Association, told China Economic Weekly that the chemical fiber industry is also expanding its raw material space, not only asking for resources from oil and land, but also developing some emerging fiber materials to make up for the negative impact of the shortage of cotton textile products on the entire textile industry.

The chemical fiber industry has established a national industrial technology alliance to develop cotton like products, and has basically established the embryonic form of a new generation of complete cotton like fiber industry chain.

In order to get rid of upstream constraints, some leading chemical fiber enterprises either cooperate with Sinopec, CNOOC, etc. to participate in PX project construction, or invest overseas to avoid pressure. Industry leader Hengyi Petrochemical 000703.SZ started from downstream weaving and is the first private enterprise in China to enter PTA. At the end of February this year, its PX project with an investment of 4.32 billion dollars and a production capacity of 1.5 million tons in Brunei has been approved.