Fabric Knowledge: Leather Identification Method

　　“ genuine leather ”On Leatherwear It is a common word in the product market, which is a customary name for natural leather to distinguish synthetic leather; In consumers' minds, "genuine leather" also has the meaning of non fake. In fact, dermis is leather, which is mainly made of mammalian skins.

Genuine leather has a wide range of varieties, different structures, different quality and different prices. Therefore, leather is not only the general name of all natural leather, but also a vague mark on the commodity market.

According to the types, natural leather mainly includes pig leather, cattle leather, sheep leather, horse leather, donkey leather and kangaroo leather, and a small amount of fish leather, reptile leather, amphibian leather, ostrich leather, etc. Cattle leather is divided into cattle leather, buffalo leather, yak leather and yak leather; Sheepskin leather is divided into sheep leather and goat leather. According to its layers, it can be divided into top leather and second leather, of which the top leather includes full grain leather and corrected leather; There are also pig split leather and cow split leather. Among the main types of leather, cattle leather and sheep leather have fine surface, small hair eye, fine and compact internal structure, good fullness and elasticity, and good physical properties. Therefore, superior cattle leather and sheep leather are generally used as leather materials for high-grade products, and their prices are higher than those of bulk leather.

Among many leather varieties, full grain leather should rank first, because it is processed from superior raw leather with less damage. The leather surface remains intact and natural, and the coating is thin, which can show the natural pattern beauty of animal skin. It is not only wear-resistant, but also has good permeability.

Trimmed leather is made by lightly grinding the surface of the leather with a buffing machine, finishing it, and pressing the corresponding patterns. In fact, it is a "cosmetic treatment" for the disabled or rough natural leather surface. This kind of leather almost loses its original surface state, has a thick finishing layer, and its abrasion resistance and air permeability are worse than those of full grain leather.

The split leather is the thick leather split by a leather slicing machine. The first layer is used to make full grain leather or corrected leather. The second layer is made by a series of processes such as coating or pasting. Its fastness and abrasion resistance are poor, and it is the cheapest kind of leather of the same kind.

Here are some common methods:

1、 Touch: touch the leather surface with your hand. If it is smooth, soft, plump and elastic, it will feel like genuine leather; But the surface of general synthetic leather is astringent, rigid and soft.

2、 Visual inspection: there are clear pores on the leather surface, decorative pattern Cattle skin has relatively symmetrical fine pores, yak skin has relatively thick and sparse pores, goat skin has fish scale pores, pig skin has triangular thick pores, and artificial leather, although it also imitates pores, is not clear. Next, we will introduce the characteristics and identification methods of pig leather, horse leather, cow leather and sheep leather: cow leather has fine surface and high strength, which is most suitable for making leather shoes ; Sheepskin leather is light, thin and soft. It is leather clothing The ideal fabric; Pigskin leather has good air permeability and water vapor permeability, and is suitable for making underwear and children's articles; The fiber structure of horse leather is relatively tight and its strength is relatively high, so it has a good effect on making leather pants and boots. Generally speaking, the thickness, density and distribution of pores on the leather surface are the main basis for distinguishing cow leather, pig leather, horse leather and sheep leather.

Pigskin: The pores on the surface of the leather are round and thick, and they protrude into the leather obliquely. The pores are arranged in a group of three, and the leather surface presents many small triangular patterns.

Cow leather: cattle leather and buffalo leather are both called cow leather, but there are some differences between them. The pores on the surface of cattle leather are round and straight into the leather. The pores are compact and even, arranged irregularly, like stars in the sky. The pores on the surface of buffalo leather are thicker than cattle leather, the number of pores is less than cattle leather, and the leather quality is looser, which is not as fine and plump as cattle leather. Horse leather: The pores on the leather surface are oval, slightly larger than those of cattle leather, and arranged regularly.

Sheepskin leather: The pores on the grain surface of the leather are flat and round, and the pores are clear. A group of several pieces are arranged in a fish scale shape.

3、 Smell: all real leather has the smell of leather; The artificial leather has a strong irritating plastic smell.

4、 Ignition: Tear a little fiber from the back of real leather and artificial leather, and after ignition, it is artificial leather that emits pungent smell and knots; It is the dermis that usually emits hair smell and does not knot hard lumps.

Leather logo

Leather logo is a certification trademark registered in the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. All leather products with leather logo have three characteristics: 1. The product is made of high-quality leather; 2. This product is a medium and high-grade product with excellent workmanship; 3. Consumers can enjoy good after-sales service when buying leather products with leather signs. Products not made of genuine leather cannot wear genuine leather signs. Those who want to wear genuine leather signs must be strictly examined and approved by China Leather Industry Association. The China Leather Industry Association will conduct quality inspection every year to ensure the product quality.

The registered trademark of the genuine leather mark is an artistic deformation pattern composed of a whole sheep, a pair of ox horns and a piece of leather. The overall design is in the shape of a round drum. There are three letters GLP in the center of the design, which is the English abbreviation for leather products. The main color of the design is black on white, and only three letters are red. Meaning of the pattern: cattle, sheep and pigs are the three main natural leather raw materials for leather products. The pattern is in the shape of a round drum, symbolizing the drum of the main processing equipment in the leather industry on the one hand, and the drum of the main processing equipment on the other Leather industry Rolling forward.