Chinese Costume Culture In Ming Dynasty

China

Many new changes have taken place in the clothing of the Ming Dynasty. The most prominent feature is that the buttons of the front buttons have replaced the knots for thousands of years.

But buttons did not start in the Ming Dynasty. They had seen the form of buttons in the waistline around the braided line of the Yuan Dynasty.

The use of buttons is also a revolution, reflecting the progress of the times.

In addition, the prevalence of Neo Confucianism also affected the fashion style to a certain extent.

Compared with the Tang suit, the Ming dress is obviously inverted from the dress proportion, and the jacket is short and the length is long, and the upper garment is gradually lengthened to shorten the length of the exposed skirt.

The collar also changed from the song collar to the round collar.

Military costume in Ming Dynasty

It is used for national ceremonies such as Tai Po, Qingcheng, Zheng Dan, and so on.

Wearing Liang Guan, wearing red robe, clothes, peichi, white two color silk ribbon, leather belt, wearing ribbons.

The system of Ming Dynasty and Song Dynasty was also graded according to the number of beams.

The male crown is eight beams, plus the cage Diao Chan, Li pen half off, four pillars, vanilla five segments, before and after the jade cicada.

Hou Qiliang, cage Diao Chan, the golden cicada before and after, the rest less than the crown.

The first is the tortoise shell cicada, and the rest is reduced by one.

All the pheasants are inserted.

The emperor is the same as Hou, but not the pheasant tail.

Besides the number of beams, the ribbons and ribbons worn by officials are also the marks for distinguishing grades.

Guan Yi Pin, crown seven beams, do not use the cage Diao Chan, leather belt jade, ribbon with cloud Phoenix four colors (yellow, green, red, purple) flower brocade.

Two products, crown six beams, rhinoceros leather belt, the same product.

Three products, the crown five beams, the golden leather belt, the ribbon uses the cloud crane flower brocade.

Four products, crown four Liang, Yu Tong three products.

Five products, crown three beams, silver leather belt, ribbon plate carved flower brocade.

Six products, seven Victor Wong two beams, silver leather belts, and ribbons with three colors (yellow, green, red) flowers.

Eight, nine crowns and one beam, leather belt with black horns, ribbons with cork, a waterbird, color purple, two colors (yellow, green) flower brocade.

Yushi crown is used as a symbol.

The wat boards, one to five products, were made of ivory, and six to nine products were used for them.

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Like the feudal rulers of the past dynasties, Zhu Yuanzhang had forgotten that he was once a member of the poor people after he ascended the throne of God. While strengthening the privileges of the rulers, he regarded the common people as a bitch.

Hongwu fifteen years (AD 1382) published the list of two Zhejiang and Jiangxi people: "for the sake of our people, we should know their duties."

They can protect their parents, wives and families, and be loyal, filial, benevolent and righteousness.

Otherwise, not only the national law is not allowed, but also "Heaven's way is not allowed". (Ming Tai Zu Shi Lu Volume 15).

Based on this view, there are many restrictions on the clothing of the people.

It is stipulated in the early Ming Dynasty that the marriage of the common people can be used for the nine products, and the coloured coolers are usually taken.

Men and women are not allowed to wear yellow or black clothes.

Boots must not be made into patterns, nor decorated with gold thread.

No gold or jade should be used for decorations.

The hat of the common people must not be used for the top, but the cap is only made of crystal, fragrant wood, and no gold or jade.

Farmers can wear silk, yarn, silk and cloth, while businessmen only use silk and cloth.

The size of the clothes, the length and width of the sleeves are specified.

These restrictions were more than enough in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, men's casual wear and gowns were generally used. Although their shapes were varied, they did not take off the big, the right, the wide sleeves and the long knees.

The clothes of the common people are usually dressed in upper garments, with trousers underneath and cloth skirts.

Men's civilian clothes are mostly made of silk and brocade, embroidered with various patterns.

Most of these patterns contain auspicious meaning.

It is common to have a circular "Shou" word between the regiment cloud and the bat, and the bat's "bat" and "Fu" are homophonic.

There are also some exaggerated designs of peony, lotus and so on. Peony is a "flower of wealth" and has always been regarded as a symbol of prosperity and happiness.

Lotus is a favorite flower of our people. It is regarded as "a gentleman of flowers" and is also regarded as "Buddhist sacred flower" by Buddhism.

Among these flowers, some branches and leaves and flower buds are interspersed, and their styles are chic. They are joyous and sacred. They are loved by people at that time.

Scholars, students, supervisors and other people read more or less.

According to the Ming rule, the crew shirts are made of jade cloth, with wide sleeves, with black sides and black soft scarf.

It is a long sleeved shirt with long sleeves, which is straight from the bottom of the back.

In the Ru Lin Wai Shi, the Wang Sheng who was born and brought up in the Ru Lin Wai Shi was dressed in straight lines, but one was the old "Yuan color (black) silk" that had worn away, but a new "blue satin" ("second scholars").

In addition, there are also Cheng Ziyi, the shield and the armor.

Drag is also a gown of the Ming Dynasty. It is a pair of gowns, which are hand crossed, big sleeves, long sleeves, and upper and lower garments. There are seams in front of the waist, with pendulum on both sides, pleats on both sides, and gaps in the middle.

In the late Ming Dynasty, scholar bureaucrats also wore more parties during the banquet.

Cheng Zi Yi was the daily costume of literati and Confucian scholars in the Ming Dynasty. The clothes were long, linked up and down, and there were joints in the waist.

It is a short sleeved garment that is slightly longer than a coat.

There are two kinds of armor, one of which is the clothing of a rider, which is not permitted by ordinary soldiers and soldiers.

Official uniform of Ming Dynasty

Regular clothing is also used for perennial directors. It is also a public uniform. Its shape is relatively simple. It consists of three parts: black cap, group collar shirt and band.

The top of the wumcap is low and high, with one wing on each side, round and round, with black wrinkled yarn on the outside, and a lacquer or flax in the hat.

In the Ming Dynasty, as the official hat, the official post was extended to the official post.

Zheng Banqiao's "black gauze is thrown away as an official," Tu Tuo Tuo, bag "Xiao Xiao's two sleeves cold" ("to return to Gui Li, to draw bamboo not to wee County gentleman gentleman"), is to take the official name of the official name.

The band is different from the product grade. One product uses jade belt, two flower rhinoceros, three products gold flower, four products are prime gold, five silver grade flowers, six products, seven products, silver, eight products, nine products, black cape.

Hongwu twenty-four years (AD 1391) appointed officials often used Buzi.

This is a decorative pattern with a fixed position, form, content and meaning. It is made of gold thread or colored silk woven into birds and animal patterns, and is placed on the front and back of official uniform. It is usually made into squares and front and back.

Civil servants embroidered birds, indicating civilization; martial arts embroidered animals showed great power.

Gong, Hou, Bo and various officials are different.

The creation of the Ming Dynasty extended to the Qing Dynasty and became another significant sign of distinguishing officials.

Official costume in Ming Dynasty

In the Ming Dynasty, the official uniform restored to the Tang Dynasty, but the difference was more obvious than that in the Tang Dynasty.

This is related to the change of peasants' position and the acceptance of Confucianism after Zhu Yuanzhang seized power.

The highest rank in official uniform is limited to royal family members such as emperors, princes and princes.

The Coronet is used for offering sacrifices or grand ceremonies.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the crown dress was just like the traditional form. Hongwu (AD 1368-1398) changed several times from the beginning of Jiajing (AD 1522-1566), but only made some adjustments in the position of material and pattern.

All the changes made the regulations more specific and the production more exquisite.

In the Ming Dynasty, the crown clothes were slightly different from the previous ones: one was to pform the front three and four of the original crown into a curtain like pattern; two, to stipulate that the diameter of the embroidered day and the moon was five inches; the three was to use the topaz to make ears; four, to turn the ancient multicolored jade into a colorful jade bead, and to embroider the fire, the Chinese worm and the Zong Yi on the sleeve, and the sun, the moon and the Dragon embroidered on the two shoulder, the stars and the mountains embroidered on the back.

The crown prince accompanied the emperor's sacrifices to take the grand ceremonies of heaven and earth, the family and the ancestral temple, as well as grand ceremonies, books and other major ceremonies. But the emperor took second place. He took nine chapters, and the crown was nine, and he used nine jade.

There are seven chapters in the world, and seven chapters.

The material and color of Zhu Yu are slightly different in order to show the difference.

The royal crown clothes include fur clothing, Wu Fu clothes, all day crown clothes, regular clothes, Yan Fu clothes and so on, for different occasions.

The above crown clothes also changed slightly due to different times.

In the early Ming Dynasty, if the emperor used to serve or send the emperor, he would not use much later.

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The most common use of several kinds of crown clothing is regular clothing, often served as an upward bend.

It has a narrow sleeved yellow robe, a pair of embroidered gold woven dragon, gold, jade and amber girdle.

Because of the fold of the wable cap, the word "good" is upwards.

Compared with the Tang Dynasty, the "wing Shan crown" in the Ming Dynasty was much more simplified.

Today we can see that this kind of crown is the golden wing of the emperor Zhu Yijun of the Wanli emperor unearthed from the Ming Tomb in the Ming Dynasty Tombs.

The whole crown is made of very fine gold thread, with two gold dragon beads embedded on it, with vivid posture and exquisite production, reflecting the dignity and privileges of the emperor.

robe worn for a religious rite

The sacrificial dress is the most honorable and used only for occasions of sacrifice.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the bachelor's degree was five crowned.

Zhu Yuanzhang thought that the ancient system was too complicated, so it was deleted and simplified.

Such as the sacrifices of the community, to serve the sky, the crimson robe.

Yu bu "(" Ming Shi, Wu Zhi Zhi ").

Hongwu twenty-six years (AD 1393) to make product official clothing.

One product to nine products are green robe, white yarn in single, black collar black edge.

Red robe and red robe cover the knees.

The crown belt, the ribbon and so on are all in accordance with the Royal dress.