Research And Prospect Of Nano Functional Fibers And Textiles

Nanofibers mainly contain two concepts: one is the nanofibers in strict sense, and the nanofibers in the radial direction are nanoscale and nanoscale in length, and the new synthetic fibers with polyester and nylon microfibers as the main body make the quality of chemical fibers greatly improved.

The nanofibers with nanometer diameter can be prepared by electrospinning, multi component composite spinning and molecular technology.

Another concept is to fill the nanoparticles into the fibers, modify the fibers, or use nanoparticles to treat fibers in certain ways, giving fiber some function, that is, nanofiber in our usual sense. The diameter of these fibers is not necessarily nanometers.

Different properties of nanoparticles can be used to develop flame retardant, antibacterial, antistatic, UV resistant, electromagnetic shielding and other functional fibers and textiles.

This article will focus on this type of nanomaterials and textiles in the usual sense.

Production methods of nano functional fibers and nano functional textiles

Nano materials with special functions are combined with fiber polymers and textiles. Nanoparticles will be dispersed in fibers and textiles in nanometer size to form polymer nanocomposites.

All kinds of nano functional fibers and nano functional textiles can be prepared.

Functional nanoparticles are usually selected based on the end use of products, which has become a new research platform.

Preparation of 1. functional nanomaterials

Due to the small particle size of nanoparticles, the spinning pressure of the added particles can be increased, the breakage rate is high, the spinnability is poor, and the textile equipment is worn out.

The quantum size effect and surface effect of nanoparticles can significantly reduce the cracks, bubbles and other defects produced in the production of fibers, and promote the binding between macromolecular side chains and fibrils.

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The common blended yarn method is the main method of preparing nano functional fibers, that is, adding functional materials with nanometer scale in the fiber polymerization, melting stage or spinning stage, so that the chemical fibers prepared have some special properties.

2. preparation of nano functional textiles

Besides functional nanomaterials, nano functional textiles can also be used for functional finishing of textiles with the characteristics of nanoparticles.

　　用納米粒子對紡織品進行功能整理的方法主要有三種:一是吸盡法,即把納米粒子作為固體物質直接加入到織物后整理劑中,將織物放入配好的整理液中,在規定的溫度下浸泡一定時間,使納米粒子均勻分散在后處理織物中,然后取出織物進行干燥或熱處理;二是浸軋法,是指將納米粒子的微乳液和織物后整理劑均勻混合后,將織物在整理液中浸濕,然后通過輥筒軋去余液,稱一浸一軋,也可重復一次,稱二浸二軋,使整理液通過機械力作用擠壓到纖維中去,然后干燥或熱處理;三是涂層法,指將含有納米粒子的整理劑在一定的粘合劑存在下制成一定稠度的涂層液,然后均勻涂布到織物表面,再經一定的熱處理,使織物表面形成一層功能性涂層。

However, functional washability of nano functional textiles through functional finishing is relatively poor and its function is not durable.

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Research and status quo of nano functional fibers and textiles

Over the past decade, nanoparticles have been widely used as fibers and textile auxiliaries, and have developed rapidly in the direction of multiple nanoparticles, multiple fibers and functional combinations.

There are many kinds of functional fibers and textiles developed by nanoparticles, which play an increasingly important role in the market.

1. antibacterial function

The purpose of antibacterial is to make fibrous fabrics kill or inhibit the function of pathogenic bacteria, and prevent microorganisms from spreading through textiles to protect users from microbial damage.

According to the difference of bactericidal mechanism, antibacterial agents can be divided into three types: inorganic antibacterial agents, such as Ag, Cu, Zn, S, As, Ag+, Cu2+, etc., two are photocatalytic antibacterial agents, such as nano TiO2, nano ZnO, nano silicon based oxide, etc. three, the photocatalytic antibacterial agents are used as carriers to adsorb silver and copper plasma.

Nano antibacterial technology is widely applied in the textile industry, and various types of antibacterial functional textiles can be developed.

Such as underwear, towels, sheets, kitchen utensils, etc., are used in hotels, hospitals, army, factories and other industries to meet people's health requirements.

Sinopec Limited by Share Ltd Anqing branch (hereinafter referred to as Anqing petrochemical), Donghua University and China Textile Science Research Institute researchers completed the pilot test, pilot test and industrial experiment, and successfully produced the "high activity nano antibacterial acrylic fiber dimension" in Anqing Petrochemical Company, and passed the appraisal of the expert committee of Sinopec headquarters.

Without changing the spinning process and spinning conditions, the acrylic fiber produced has good antibacterial properties, and its basic physical properties (mechanical mechanical properties, color and so on) conform to the quality standards of acrylic fiber and textiles.

The test results of the Shanghai Institute of industrial microbiology showed that after 50 washings, the antibacterial rate of the fabric was 91.6%, and it had the advantages of strong antibacterial and good dye uptake, and was at the leading level in the world. 24h

2. UV protection function

The quantum size effect of nanoparticles can have a "blue shift" phenomenon and "broadening phenomenon" for the absorption of certain wavelengths, thus enhancing the absorption of ultraviolet light and ensuring the ultraviolet shielding effect of fibers and textiles.

Studies show that TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, SiO2 and other nanoparticles have good UV absorption capability in the 300~400nm band, while talcum, kaolin and calcium carbonate have good UV reflection capability.

Usually anti ultraviolet fiber contains several components of composite nanoparticles. For highly UV resistant clothing fabrics, nano ZnO and TiO2 particles are usually added.

UV resistant fabrics can also protect the visible and far-infrared rays from blocking ultraviolet rays.

UV protection products are not only applied to clothing products, such as sportswear, casual wear, shirts, trousers, etc., but also suitable for curtain, tarpaulin, and outdoors clothing.

The treated nano TiO2 anti ultraviolet finishing agent of Tianjin University of Technology has a good shielding effect on ultraviolet radiation in UVA and UVB band. After finishing, the UPF value of the fabric is mentioned by "better protection" as "excellent protection", and the UV pmittance is obviously reduced, and the ultraviolet resistance of the fabric has been significantly improved.

Donghua University and Shanghai University of Engineering Science use nano TiO2 and ZnO composite powders to combine with fibers or textiles to increase the ultraviolet absorption, reflection and scattering effect of fabric surface and improve its UV resistance.

3. far infrared absorption and reflection function

The human body emits infrared rays at all times, and at the same time absorbs infrared rays.

Some nanoparticles, such as Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2 and Fe2O3, have strong absorption properties for IR.

When the clothing contains these particles, it can effectively absorb the external emission and the infrared rays emitted by the human body, and is not detected by the sensitive infrared detectors. The stealthy garments made by them make the wearers invisible at night.

Some nanoscale particles, such as ZrO, can effectively absorb the external energy and radiate the same far infrared rays as human biological waves, which can increase the blood flow of the human subcutaneous tissue and promote the circulation of blood.