The New National Standard Of Dairy Products Was Embarrassed To Introduce &Nbsp;
The 66 national standards for food safety related to dairy products were faced with public opinion artillery fire from landing. In particular, the two indicators of protein content and total microbial population in the new dairy products are Wang Dingmian, director of Guangzhou Dairy Association and the largest pasteurized milk manufacturer in China. Guangming dairy industry After President Guo Benheng shelled his "25 years", "the worst in the world", "rubbish produced is rubbish", the "people who talk about coloration" put more violent crusade against them.
Anger is, of course, because dairy safety is vital to the interests of millions of people, but paradoxically, the new standard of dairy products criticized by public opinion as "garbage" is itself "comprehensive". Johnson Fresh milk And dairy products quality and safety supervision, and resume as soon as possible. consumption person The "high standards and strict requirements" for the confidence of domestic dairy products are recycled.
More than ten ministries and commissions and more than 70 experts have produced mandatory new national standards since June 1st. But not only did it fail to take the lead of a government with a trust crisis after the melamine incident, it also escorted the dairy industry to a comprehensive rectification and revitalization. Instead, it brought regulators into greater regulatory chaos and public questioning. This national standard, which is issued for the purpose of strengthening supervision, has exposed the difficulties and incompetence of regulators.
Not as good as national standards.
In fact, a group of experts working on dairy quality and safety standards did not think that the standard of raw milk (GB19301-2010) was necessary when determining the catalogue of quality and safety standards for dairy products.
So called raw milk refers to raw milk produced by dairy farmers or produced by enterprise breeding bases. "Raw milk only involves acquisition links, it is the raw material business and producers of raw materials between the sale of raw materials, not for consumers to drink directly." Academician Chen Junshi, director of the food hygiene experts Advisory Committee of the State Ministry of health and director of the food hygiene standards committee, New century It says. In his view, no matter the content of protein in the raw milk or the total number of microbiota, the dairy industry should formulate the corresponding raw material purchase standard, and the national standard only needs to standardize the quality and health safety of the final consumer goods.
The hygienic standard of raw milk used before was issued by the former Ministry of agriculture, animal husbandry and Fisheries in 1986. Agriculture products Acquisition criteria. The revised draft of the raw milk standard was drafted by the Heilongjiang Provincial Health Supervision Institute of the health system. An expert from the Yili Group also participated in the drafting work, mainly following the health standards issued by the Ministry of health in 2003.
Whether it was the first draft or the end of August 2009, the expert group submitted to the standard development and presiding organ of the Ministry of health, the lowest line of protein content followed the original standard 2.95% (that is, 100 grams of raw milk contains 2.95 grams of protein). The maximum allowable colony count was 500 thousand CFU / ml higher than the 500 thousand, 1 million, 2 million and 4 million grading requirements of the Ministry of agriculture's "fresh milk purchase standard".
It should be said that the first draft is so stipulated that, despite repeated compromise, it is still in the initial track of revising the new national standard: it integrates all the hygiene standards, quality standards, agricultural product standards and mandatory terms issued by different departments in the past, forming a set of national mandatory safety standards, and conforming to the principles of the dairy quality and safety supervision and management regulations in the end of 2008 as well as the "dairy industry reorganization and revitalization plan" principle, "putting the quality of raw milk in a prominent position, striving to improve the milk fat percentage and milk protein content of raw milk and reduce the total number of bacteria."
However, in the draft published by the Ministry of health in October 20, 2009, 2.95% of the protein index was attached to the "tail" of 2.8% from May to September. By April 22, 2010, when the new national standard was released on the Internet, the lowest protein level had been reduced to 2.8%, and the total number of bacteria increased to 2 million CFU/ milliliters. This is the main example of Wang Dingmian and Guo Ben Heng's criticism of "returning back to 25 years ago".
Li Tao, senior engineer of Heilongjiang dairy industry technology development center, believes that such a national standard is better than none. "In other countries, the standard of raw milk is formulated by industries and enterprises. Once there is a problem, the civil liability or the legal responsibility is borne by themselves, and our government is too broad, and there are too many administrative interventions in standard setting." He stressed that people now know the important value of standards, and all kinds of forces are more dynamic and influencing the formulation of standards. However, such intervention and intervention will not only lead to departmental interests of standards, but also lead to a real loss of responsibility, "experts said," but the expert feedback was changed. When we talked about responsibility, we all ran away.
In the 66 national standards of dairy quality and safety, which were finally promulgated, it was found that at the end of each standard there was no explanation for the departments, drafting departments and major drafters.
"This shows that they have no bottom and dare not take responsibility." A dairy expert, who declined to be named, commented.
Almost all procedures are criticized.
They want to control the standard and do not take responsibility. As the starting point of the "strengthening supervision" system, the new standard of dairy industry begins with a forced start and ends with the withdrawal and conflict. There are almost all the controversies that make the participants angry and shaking up in all the important links of the standard formulation, the composition of experts and stakeholders in the lead ministries and drafting groups, the support for the demonstration foundation, the final finalization procedure and so on.
"I feel like pulling drawers." A member of the expert group who did not want to be named said to Caixin "new century" reporters that because participants represented different interests, "repeated discussions on the same question" became commonplace in the whole process of national standard revision: any index, even in previous discussions, has gained a tendentious opinion, but in the future, if there are new voices, the final conclusion will be declared invalid and the related issues will still be pulled out.
If we say "pull drawer" or a process that allows experts to fully express their opinions, it is baffling to say that even the final opinions drawn from such repeated drawers will encounter large changes similar to those of proteins and colonies, and most of the participating experts will not know the details.
Professor Wei Ronglu, a professor of Southwest University for Nationalities who has been working on Dairy Research for more than 50 years, has participated in the final examination of the expert group. He told Caixin "new century" reporters that most of the experts in the expert group did not know what exactly happened between the relevant indicators of the "raw milk" standard from the manuscript to the final finalization, and why the final established standard was the value which the expert group had explicitly given negative opinions before. {page_break}
Although Wang Zhutian, head of the group of experts and deputy director of the center for nutrition and food safety of the China Center for Disease Control and prevention, told the media that the clean-up and revision of the quality and safety standards for dairy products should adhere to the principle of openness and transparency, listen to the opinions of all sides, and actively learn from the experience of foreign management, but the feedback from experts is not the case. The expert group involved in the formulation of standards does not have the right to make a bid, but even the right to know is owed. " Wang Zhutian's colleague and predecessor Chen Junshi also told reporters directly to the new century of "Caixin": "experts can only give advice on standard setting. The standard organization is led by the Ministry of health, and the last number changes are required by the Ministry of agriculture. This standard is the result of compromise between departments. "
Over the years, the issue of food safety, which has been implemented in China for many years, involves many departments. "Source farming is the Ministry of agriculture management, production and processing is the General Administration of quality supervision, the market is the General Administration of industry and commerce, to the consumer occasions (canteen Hotel) and return to the Ministry of health management, there is also a drug administration is responsible for" comprehensive management. " Li Zhonghai, the director of the former National Standardization Management Committee, told reporters that "the new century" said that each regulator set up laws and regulations based on his own regulatory scope, but the power crossing was unavoidable. There was always a lot of wrangling and fighting. "Since the food safety law was formulated, the ministries and committees had been very competitive about the question of" who took the lead ".
In accordance with the three fixed plans of the central state organs, the National Standardization Management Committee is the administrative organ authorized by the State Council to organize, formulate, revise, examine, approve, numberize and publish the national standards. However, the standard committee is a sub ministerial institution managed by the State Administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine. It is often weak in the formulation of national standards that involve a wide range of interests.
In September 2008, melamine tainted milk powder shocked the whole country. In October 9th, the regulations on supervision and administration of dairy products quality and safety were formally promulgated, and the comprehensive coordination power of supervision and management of dairy quality and safety was officially handed over to the health administrative department. The State Council decided to change the chaos of "Kowloon water control" and implement unified centralized management. It formally assigned the Ministry of health the responsibility to organize the formulation of national standards for dairy products quality and safety. It demanded that the current dairy standards should be integrated in a year or so, and that the quality and safety standards of dairy products should be organized and revised as a national mandatory standard.
In February 28, 2009, the food safety law was adopted by the seventh session of the eleven National People's Congress in February 28, 2009. Twenty-first articles were clearly written once again: "the national standard for food safety is formulated and promulgated by the health administrative department of the State Council"; and the twenty-second requirement is that the health administrative department under the State Council shall integrate the existing standards for the quality and safety of edible agricultural products, food hygiene standards, food quality standards and relevant food industry standards, and uniformly publish them as the national standards for food safety.
Prior to that, the Ministry of health, which will receive statutory empowerment, has started working with the Ministry of agriculture, the Ministry of industry and commerce, the General Administration of industry and commerce, the General Administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine, the food and drug administration, the standards committee, the China Light Industry Federation, the China Dairy Industry Association, the China Dairy Association and other ministries. In December 29, 2008, the dairy safety standards coordination group and the dairy safety standards working group were formally established. Chen Xiaohong, Vice Minister of health, served as the head of the coordination group. Chen Xiaohua, Vice Minister of agriculture and Sun Xiaokang, deputy director of the national standard committee, served as the deputy head of the group. More than 70 experts from the specialized group were from the relevant ministries, colleges, and dairy enterprises.
In March 27, 2009, the second coordination group meeting on dairy quality and safety standards was held, and initially identified 94 standards after cleaning up, including 15 product standards, 4 production specifications, 63 physical and chemical detection methods and 14 microbial testing methods, and then the standards entered the drafting stage.
Nutrition, testing and testing are the old branches of the Ministry of health. As the dairy industry in light industry, the production standard is also mature. The standard of dairy products is the unfamiliar field of the Ministry of health.
Therefore, members of the expert group recommended by ministries and commissions, though highly qualified, are often referred to as "outside circles" who hardly have investigated raw milk or have no real academic achievements.
According to a report, the "raw milk" standard refers to the New Zealand raw milk receiving standards, the European Union's health regulations on raw milk, heat treatment milk and dairy products production and put into the market. The materials of the Ministry of health also revealed that the revision of the "raw milk" standard mainly refers to the Ministry of agriculture's "fresh milk purchase standard" (GB6914-1986) and the Ministry of health's "fresh milk hygiene standard" (GB19301-2003) in 1986. However, the expert group member and the former Deputy Secretary General of the Shanghai Dairy Industry Association Gu Jiasheng think that the first draft of the "raw milk" discussed by the expert group is almost the copy of the old version of the Ministry of health's hygiene standard for fresh milk, and its physical and chemical indexes have not changed much. According to Huicong food industry net
"They only changed one of our opinions." this standard does not contain instant raw milk. This is the first criterion for raw milk. " Gu Jiasheng said, "at the beginning, it was called fresh milk. We say that fresh milk refers to the fresh milk sold to consumers in the industry. How can you call raw milk into fresh milk?
The two major differences between the final promulgated "raw milk" standard and the "Hygienic standard for fresh milk" of the Ministry of health in 2003 are protein and microbiological indicators. According to the Ministry of health, this comes from the findings and amendments of the Ministry of agriculture. "Milk protein content is related to seasons and cattle breeds. In the summer, about 51% of cows produce less than 2.95 grams of /100g protein. The representative of the Ministry of agriculture pointed out that if the protein was set at 2.95 grams /100g, about 5%-10% farms in China could not meet the requirements.
At present, China's aquaculture industry is not developed, only 100 of the scale farms are more than 20%, about 5-10 of the individual breeding households account for about 40%. Therefore, in the light of factors such as breeding scale, feed cost, cattle breed and seasonality, the Ministry of agriculture suggested that the protein should be set to 2.8 grams /100 grams. As for the maximum allowable colony count increased from 500 thousand to 2 million, the Ministry of health has also explained that it has made progress in terms of microbiological indicators which have been up to 4 million CFU/ milliliters of raw milk purchase standards.
"This shows that the Ministry of health has no bottom line." Gu Jiasheng said, "there should be a complete sampling plan for formulating national standards. There is a representative sample of data support. Do they have it?"
The Ministry of agriculture is supported by sampling data. Caixin "new century" reporter learned from a large dairy enterprise insider, the Ministry of agriculture has a "large number" of the agricultural team, perennial responsible for data sampling work. He revealed that the annual sampling data of the Ministry of agriculture was about 10 thousand, and it was raised to 12000 in 2010. In addition, in light of the formulation of the new national standard of dairy industry, the Ministry of agriculture has collected the phased raw milk data from the major dairy enterprises.
But Wang Shiping, Professor of the school of food science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, believes that the scientific sampling of the Ministry of agriculture is quite inadequate. "Dairy farming environment is very different, individual breeding and collective breeding, breeds, milk production in the early stage and season will affect the quality of milk, so data sampling should be a very complex and rigorous project." In 1990s, in order to complete a national standard of freezing point detection, Wang Shiping spent more than one year organizing data sampling over 100 thousand years. This figure is obviously much higher than that of the Ministry of agriculture.
Or two sets of standards?
Calls for criticism, accusation and even abolition of the new national standard of dairy products are coming one after another. The Ministry of Health recently emphasized in several responses that the national standard of raw milk is located in quality and safety, and is the entry threshold for raw milk production and purchase. According to Chen Junshi's interpretation of Caixin's new century reporter, another implication of this sentence is that the original "fresh milk purchase standard", which was led by the Ministry of agriculture 25 years ago, has not been replaced by the "raw milk" standard.
"The Ministry of agriculture's milk quality standards are still effective." He said, "however, the specific standards of each grade need to be adjusted according to the bottom line stipulated in" raw milk ".
Although this compromise can avoid the embarrassment of the new national standard "aborted" of dairy products, it also means that it has not completed the important task originally established: the reason why we need to formulate a new version of the national standard for dairy quality and safety is originally to solve the previous problems related to dairy products, such as multiple cross standards, duplication and contradictions, and to conduct unified centralized supervision. However, at present, the dairy industry still needs to comply with two sets of national standards formulated by the two departments at least in the purchase of raw milk. This also means that the clash between different departments and different interests will continue.
"There is a root problem in the construction and standardization of the rule of law at our government level: Although the law is passed by the NPC, the drafting is mostly done by the Department." Retired Li Zhonghai said, "this is mainly reflected in the legislative system, and later we have gradually recognized the standard. In the process, because of the issue of authority, the argument is sometimes very large and very large."
Professor Liu Junhai, director of the Institute of commercial law of Renmin University of China, who has participated in the food safety law and many other legal and legislative proposals, has also served as vice president of the National Consumers Association. He noted that although the twenty-third article of the food safety law clearly stipulates that food safety standards should be formulated, the opinions of food producers and consumers should be widely heard, but no new representatives of the new national standard of dairy products were represented.
"This kind of regulation standard is to coordinate the interests of producers and consumers, and can not be a weapon to safeguard the interests of departments or compete for power and gain." He said, "law is the law of the state, the law of the world, not the Department. The result of departmental legislation is the legalization of departmental interests, consolidating and strengthening the regulatory power of departments.
After every shocking food safety incident, strengthening supervision will become a common appeal of the ruling and opposition parties. When the regulatory power is in competition among the departments with strong desire for expansion, an inevitable outcome is the inability of the coordinating body. Liu Junhai pointed out that the most likely choice for both the national legal bureau and the standard committee is to "muddle the mud". The so-called coordination is simply a "one word veto" principle: any power department has objected to a certain content, which will not be written into the final finalization.
"If anyone thinks this is harmony, the harmony of departmental interests at the expense of public interests will only lead to greater disharmony." Liu Junhai said, "the national standard of quality and safety has come out. If no one can answer whether people can drink milk at ease," does such harmony have the meaning of existence?
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