Analysis Of Common Document Features

Editor's note: This article mainly analyzes the difference between "Regulations", "Regulations" and "measures"; the difference between "decision" and "order"; the difference between "instructions" and "orders"; the difference between "instructions" and "decisions"; and the sections of "notice" and "command", "decision" and "instruction".

Language is the standardized name of the same kind of official document with the same nature and function. It can bring convenience to both the writer and the reader. With the kind of writing, the writer will follow the rules, and he can adopt different principles, methods and means to create the most effective document to solve the specific problems, and put it into the effective process quickly and accurately. With the help of literature, people can read and handle the documents clearly and understand the nature of the specific document and the influence of the official documents on their own behavior, so as to quickly determine the basic methods, procedures and measures to deal with this document.

However, in order to really achieve this effect, the premise is that the tagging of the language itself must be accurate, and there should be no misuse or misuse.

To be practical and realistic, it is really not an easy task to do this in the current situation of the large number of official documents in our country and the fine differences between different languages. It is very difficult for us to make efforts to study normative documents such as the document handling regulations of the Communist Party of China and the handling methods of official documents of the State Administration.

The following groups of languages are especially needed.

1. The difference between "Regulations", "Regulations" and "measures"

The nature of things and questions is more important, the scope is relatively broad, the content is highly generalized, the effective time and space scope is broad, and the stability is strong; there are strict restrictions on the status of the formulation and issuance organs; if the administrative system is only authorized by the State Council, the regulations formulated by the departments and local people's governments of the State Council shall not be called "Regulations" (see the regulations of the State Council promulgated by the State Council in April 21, 1987). The party's system is limited to "regulations and regulations for the work of the central organizations of the party to regulate the work, activities and Party members' activities of the party organizations" (see the regulations of the CPC Central Committee Office issued by the general office of the CPC Central Committee in May 3, 1996); generally, they belong to the "autonomous" normative documents, that is, they can create new rules themselves. The main characteristics of the regulations are "Regulations" and "Regulations" and "measures".

The "stipulation" is characterized by a wide range of uses, with no strict restrictions on the status of the formulation and issuance of organs; the matters and problems involved are not as important as the regulations, and the scope is relatively narrow; the contents are detailed, specific and pertinent; generally, they are both "autonomous" normative documents, and can also be "supplementary" normative documents (content is refined or perfected according to the contents of other normative documents supplemented by authorization or authorization). They can also be "executed" normative documents (directly for the effective implementation of other normative documents), and they do not create new rules.

However, according to the actual usage, the regulations are more suitable for "autonomous" and "supplementary" normative documents.

The scale of things and problems involved in the "method" is smaller than that stipulated in the "Regulations", and the nature is relatively lighter. The pertinence is stronger, the content is more detailed, specific and precise, and more direct operability; in addition to a part of the "autonomous" document, most of the "standardized" documents executed by "all kinds of" implementation methods are all of this nature.

Two, the difference between "decision" and "order"

The difference between "command" and "order" is mainly in the following aspects: the "command" is very strict in the use of permissions, and only the organs clearly prescribed by the law can be used. "Decisions" can be used more widely. In the applicable affairs, "orders" involve specific affairs, and "decisions" involve not only such pactions but also some non-specific and universal recurring pactions. The document itself is also applied repeatedly, that is, some characteristics of normative documents. In terms of expression, "orders" are highly concise and express only the author's aspiration and requirements. "Decision"

Three, the difference between "instructions" and "orders"

The difference between "instructions" and "orders" is mainly that: the "usage" requirement of "instructions" is not strict with "orders", and the higher authorities can give "instructions" to lower level organs. In terms of effectiveness, "orders" must be carried out unconditionally and resolutely for the recipients. Sometimes, "instructions" sometimes allow the recipients to deal with specific affairs relatively flexibly under the premise of unconditional implementation of the basic principles. In terms of expression, "orders" only express the will and requirements of the author. "Instructions" not only express the will of the author, but also pay attention to elucidating the truth, point out specific tasks, specific rules, and ways and means to achieve the goals, and also pay attention to the boundaries between the matters concerned.

Four, the difference between "instructions" and "decisions"

Compared with the "decision", the "instruction" involves more specific and specific matters; the scope of its action is also specific, not as universal as the "decision"; the effective period is shorter than the "decision"; the content of the directive is more precise and specific than the "decision"; it emphasizes the operability and enforceability; "decision" must be carried out unconditionally and resolutely for the recipient.

Five, the difference between "notice" and "command", "decision" and "instruction"

Compared with the "command", "decision" and "instruction", the use of "notice" is more extensive, but its authority is obviously weaker. It does not usually create new rules in itself. It only conveys the spirit of the instructions of the higher authorities to the recipients according to the requirements of the higher authorities, and concretely replaces them. This is also a substitute for "instructions" for arranging the work and giving notice to the policy. Therefore, we must tirelessly point out the reasons for "according to the directive spirit of - ----", and inform the items that should be known or should be done, so as to enable some documents to be upgraded (approved) and effective (issued) to expand the effective scope (forwarding) procedure.

Six, the difference between "approval" and "directive" (or indicative notice).

"Approval" is actually a passive "directive" which is basically different from the "directive" in its basic nature.

The difference between the two is that the content of the "reply" is more pertinent, the matters and questions and the personnel involved are more specific and more specific, and the problems are relatively single.

Seven, the difference between "notification" and "notice".

The difference between "notifications" and "notices" mainly lies in: "notification" does not guide and promote work with specific tasks, detailed standardization requirements and relevant rules as the "notice". Instead, it conveys the intention with typical cases and related situations, inspires educational personnel and guides the work behaviors of the concerned parties. The requirements for execution are also more important than the "notice" principle, or even does not involve direct and specific execution requirements.

Eight, the difference between "notification" and "punishment decision".

There is a great difference between "notification" and "punishment decision". First, the purpose of issuing official documents is different. "Notification" is for the purpose of educating the parties, but also for educating more people, guiding and promoting related work.

Secondly, the object is different, the object of "notification" must be a typical person or thing, and "punishment decision" is aimed at all the people and things that need to be punished.

Thirdly, the nature of the content is different. The "briefing" introduces the wrong facts, generalizes and principles, so as to draw conclusions, and this part of the contents of the "punishment decision" is specific. In the "notification", it is often necessary to require other relevant personnel to learn lessons and take the basic requirements of the relevant measures.

Finally, the scope of the notification varies widely, and the "sanction decision" generally meets only with the parties concerned and the parties concerned.

Nine, the difference between "notice" and "notice".

The difference is mainly in the following aspects: "notice" is only released to the public in China, and the object of its notification and restraint is Chinese citizens and related expatriates under the jurisdiction of the author. "Announcement" is widely known to the public at home and abroad. The matter of "public notice" is more important. It should have the meaning of making the world known. "Notice" is not limited to the contents of such nature; the author of the "announcement" is much higher and the "notice" is not limited; "announcement" is mainly important news. Excepting exceptions, it does not involve mandatory enforcement requirements. "Notice" and "notice"

Ten. The difference between "notice" and "command", "instruction" and "notice".

It involves any secret; direct disclosure, which is directly disclosed to the public after making it, and unlike some "orders", "instructions" and "notifications", although it is eventually made public, it must first be issued by layers of the organizational system or professional system. The contents of the notice are more detailed and specific than the "order". In terms of language use, it is not as imperative as the "order". The specification put forward by the notice is a citizen's code of conduct. Generally speaking, it does not relate to the requirements for carrying out the official documents, such as "instructions" and "notifications", but mainly puts forward specific matters that citizens should abide by. "Notice" can create rules in accordance with the law. The difference between "notice" and "command", "instruction" and "notice" is mainly that: "notice" is not.

Eleven. The difference between "notice" and normative document.

　　“通告”的一部分內容也具有一定的規定性，但它卻與規范性公文有很大不同：“通告”所涉及的主要是公民個人的行為規范，規范性公文則不限于此;“通知”中的規則更帶有政策性而非規范性，因而穩定性不如規范性公文;“通告”的內容詳盡具體，有一部分用于解釋說明、闡發道理、敘述有關事實過程，指明有關事物間的界限、例舉有關情況的成分，而這些成分在規范性公文中一般沒有;“通告”效力的存在依賴于作者自身的法定管轄權，對在轄區內的公民有強制約束力;“通告”的生效程序比規范性公文簡單，機關的法定責任者簽發即生效，不必依靠制發“命令”“通知”等完成其公布過程;“通告”的傳遞形式也比較簡便和多樣，張貼、廣播、刊載等形式均可保證其有效。

Twelve, the difference between "requesting" and "reporting".

The difference between "requesting" and "reporting" is mainly in the case of "asking for instructions" in order to give instructions to the higher authorities under the request of the higher authorities, asking them to allow themselves to do a certain thing. The "report" is used for reporting, reflecting the situation or problems, or putting forward suggestions for building, answering questions, not having "petition" matters; "asking for instructions" can force the other party to resume the text, and the "report" can not.