Summary And Prospect Of Jianguo 60Th Anniversary Water System

Anhui is located in the hinterland of the East China. The Yangtze River and Huaihe cross the province and divide the whole province into three major regions: Southern Anhui, Changjiang Huaihe River and Huaibei.

There are many tributaries and lakes along the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. Chaohu is the five largest fresh water lake in China.

At the same time, Anhui is a superposition area of the middle latitude pition zone, the South North pitional zone and the sea land pitional zone.

The special geographical location and complicated climatic conditions determine that the development of water conservancy is of great significance in Anhui.

1. The situation of water conservancy in Anhui before the founding of new China

Before the founding of new China, many water conservancy projects were abandoned, and the cause of water conservancy was difficult.

The drainage system of Huaihe basin is disorder, the river is silted up, the dykes of the Yangtze River and Huaihe are low and thin, and the hilly and mountainous areas rely on pond dams for irrigation, and there are no drainage facilities in plain and polder areas.

Huaihe basin: in 1938, the Kuomintang troops opened the embankment of the garden mouth of the Yellow River, and the surging yellow water overflows into the Huaihe River for 9 years, which greatly destroyed the original drainage system of the Huaihe River Basin, and almost all the original water conservancy projects lost their effectiveness.

Yangtze River Basin: after the Yangtze River floods in 1931, Anhui implemented the massive embankment project since modern times, and repaired the embankment along the two sides of the Yangtze River, which is 639 kilometers long.

Since then, due to wars, floods and other reasons, the water conservancy facilities and culvert gates have been damaged and their benefits have been weakened.

It is difficult to raise funds for projects.

Before the founding of new China, every time after the disaster, fundraising methods were used to raise funds and organize work relief.

Although there are engineering plans and implementation steps, they are rarely implemented or halted due to funds and wars.

Because of poor management and poor quality, the project is difficult to bring into play the design benefits.

Water conservancy functions gradually shrank.

In the early years of the Republic of China, the Water Conservancy Bureau was set up in the provincial finance department, which was subsequently abolished for financial reasons.

The water conservancy works Department of the provincial construction department will be revoked 6 years later, and will be handled by the Construction Department of the construction department.

Some water laws and regulations, treaties and methods promulgated during the period were written off by lack of authoritative organization of water administration.

Two. The development track of water conservancy in Anhui in the 60 years of new China

Since the founding of new China, remarkable achievements have been made in water conservancy construction in Anhui.

The province has built a total of 20 thousand kilometers of various types of embankments and 4836 reservoirs, including 12 large and medium-sized 100, and 10 thousand and 900 built gates. Among them, the Bengbu gate and the adjacent Huaikang project are the main control projects of the main stream of Huaihe; the 397 effective irrigation area is 397 mu, and the effective irrigation area is 22 million 90 thousand mu.

A flood control and drainage engineering system, an irrigation engineering system and a non engineering system for flood control and drought relief were initially established in the province.

Water conservancy projects have played a comprehensive role in flood control, irrigation, water supply, power generation, shipping, fisheries, ecological environment and so on, and the level of comprehensive utilization of water resources has been continuously improved.

Stage 1: large-scale Huai River period (1950-1957 years)

In October 1950, the Central People's Government Executive Yuan issued the "decision on the governance of Huaihe".

In the same year, the northern Anhui administrative office and the northern Anhui military region jointly issued the "mobilization order for harness the Huai River".

In 1951, President Mao Zedong issued a great call for "fixing Huaihe".

The implementation of the mountain repair reservoir in Anhui, the construction of the Huaibei dyke along the Huaihe River and the main tributary dike and the culvert gate construction have initially formed the flood protection barrier of the Huaibei plain in Anhui and the Jin Pu railway; the dredging works such as the West Fei River and other tributaries, the diversion of the source and the adjustment of the river system, the construction of 4 lakes and depressions in the city and West Lake, and the construction of 18 flood areas; the implementation of the internal and external water diversion projects of the Huaihe main stream and tributaries in the river below the five rivers, and the establishment of 4 large Valley reservoirs in Fuzi ridge, Meishan, Xianghong and Mozi tan.

A flood control system for the middle reaches of Huaihe has been formed initially.

In the same period, the Anhui section of the Yangtze River was also treated.

For the dilapidated levees, the dykes along the river along the Ma Di dyke and so on, the embankment and embankment are heightened.

We have built large and medium-sized reservoirs and 299 small reservoirs, such as Dong Pu, Guan Gou, etc., and have built and expanded the medium-sized irrigation districts such as the Bai Shan canal, the ringing dam, the Tong Gong dam, the seven weir, and many small irrigation works such as many dams.

During this period, the backbone projects built by the government strictly implemented the rules and regulations formulated by the state, and improved the level of planning, design and construction through practice, and achieved better engineering benefits.

Second stage: hard and tortuous early development period (1958-1977 years)

From the beginning of the great leap forward of 1958 to the end of the "Cultural Revolution", Anhui's water conservancy construction has been advancing in the course of eliminating interference, and has built a large number of large-scale water conservancy projects with significant benefits.

The construction of the Pi Shi Hang Irrigation District, which was launched in 1958, forms the largest irrigation system of "long vine and melon" type in the country, with an irrigation area of 533 thousand square kilometers.

In the past 1966-1970 years, the implementation of the new Kaifeng River project has been praised as a paragon of water control in Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces.

Construction of the Dragon River Estuary, Flower Pavilion, Chen Cun, Huang Li Shu and Shahe set up 5 large reservoirs.

In 1969, the Sima mountain river diversion project was implemented.

Since 1971, the Huaihe River has formed a new climax, and has started construction of New River, Huaihong and New River.

There are 70 medium-sized reservoirs, 3738 small reservoirs, and 24 medium-sized reservoirs.

The mechanical and electrical irrigation and drainage stations have also developed rapidly.

However, under the influence of the political and economic situation, there have also been a brief error and a tortuous road.

Some places lack scientific planning, and the project stalls are too large. The result is poor engineering quality, leaving behind sequelae.

For example, the river network engineering in Huaibei, which was implemented in 1958-1960 years, ended in a half way out of line with the natural law.

The third stage: a new period of vigorous development (after 1978)

In 1978~1990, the water conservancy construction in the province was cleaned up under construction projects, and a batch of projects were stopped to adjust the investment direction, strengthen project management and carry out comprehensive management.

In Huaihe's governance, we should pay attention to the construction of flood storage areas, focus on solving the problems of people's lives, and combine flood control with prosperity.

In the Yangtze River management, large scale projects such as Fenghuang Yin river pumping station, female mountain lake, and Huaihe River irrigation were started in 1978.

In 1985, the introduction of foreign capital from the world bank to carry out the continuation of the construction of the Pi Shi Hang irrigation area and Chaohu's control, greatly enhanced the efficiency of irrigation and water supply in the Pi Shi Hang irrigation area, built the Phoenix neck irrigation and drainage station, renovated Niu Tan River and the West River, and changed the flood prevention and drought relief features of the Chaohu basin.

In 1991~1997, in 1991, the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River suffered huge floods. The State Council held a meeting to harness the Huai River to control the Taihu River, and decided to build 19 key projects for harnessing the Huai River, involving 14 items in Anhui province.

The province has rapidly raised the tide of large-scale water conservancy construction centered on harnessing Huai River.

The Huaihe river improvement project was carried out to build the Huaihong New River project, carry out the preliminary control works of the Bao River, the Harz River initial control project, the Huaihe River flood storage area safety construction, the lake depressions and tributaries treatment, and the reinforcement of the Gaoyou Lake dyke.

Since 1998, serious natural disasters have continuously tested water conservancy work in Anhui.

In 1998, the Yangtze River occurred only after 1954, and the two floods occurred in 2003 and 2007.

Under the active fiscal policy of the state, Anhui has completed the reinforcement of the 1000 kilometer Yangtze River embankment, and the total amount of earthwork is equivalent to the sum of the past dynasties' repair embankments.

The 14 key projects to control Huai River, which are represented by linhuaikong flood control project, have been completed, and the investment to control Huai River has reached over 20 billion yuan.

The construction of rural drinking water safety project has been launched, and the reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs has been launched in an all-round way.

At this stage, the whole province's water conservancy system has seized the opportunity for the state to increase investment in water conservancy. Starting from quickening the construction of water conservancy infrastructure and repairing water damaged projects, we have carried out water conservancy construction funds at various levels and levels, and achieved significant strides in water conservancy construction and Reform.

Since the founding of new China, the largest scale water conservancy construction has been carried out, and the basic and controlled projects have been completed with the reinforcement of the Yangtze River main dyke and the key works of harnessing the Huai River. The support and protection ability of water conservancy for economic and social development has been significantly improved.

Achievements and experiences of water conservancy development in Anhui in three and 60 years

Over the past 60 years, along with the growing process of new China, Anhui's water conservancy works have defeated the frequent floods and droughts, and the water control ideas have undergone profound changes.

Water conservancy investment has increased significantly, water conservancy construction has been launched in a large scale, water conservancy management has been continuously improved, water conservancy reform has been deepened, and water conservancy development capacity has been increasing.

In the past 60 years, the status of water conservancy has been increasing.

The positioning of water conservancy has gone from the "lifeline of agriculture" to "the basic industry of national economy", and then to the continuous improvement process of "important infrastructure of national economy and social development".

With the deepening of our understanding of the importance of water conservancy work, water conservancy has been placed on a priority development position. Building water conservancy and eradicating floods has become a broad consensus across the province.

Summing up the experience of water conservancy development in the past 60 years, the main findings are as follows:

(1) we must adhere to the idea of keeping pace with the times and developing new ideas.

Respecting the laws of nature and flood, in the planning and construction of water conservancy projects, in flood control and drought relief operations, we should not only prevent water from encroach on human beings, but also prevent people from violating water and nature, so as to achieve harmony between man and nature, man and water.

In August 1975, a large flood occurred in the Huaihe River Basin, and two large reservoirs in Banqiao and shamaman collapsed, and 11 million 100 thousand people, including Anhui, suffered from calamities.

In 2007, there was another major flood in the Huaihe River Basin since 1954. With the completion of the backbone project of the harness of Huai River, the strengthening of emergency management capabilities and the application of scientific and technological means, the flood fighting process showed a new feature of calm response and orderly progress.

In flood control and flood control operations, various means have been combined to provide a way out for flood, to achieve a significant change from passive coping to active guidance, and have changed the traditional way of flood control relying solely on "human sea tactics" to ensure the safety of millions of people.

(two) we must adhere to the development orientation of putting people first and serving the people's livelihood.

Water conservancy is closely related to the production and daily life of the masses. We must make efforts to solve the water conservancy problems in the production and daily life of the masses, so that the people can share the fruits of water conservancy development and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses to participate in and support the work of water conservancy.

From 2001 to 2004, the implementation of the rural drinking water relief project solved the difficulties of drinking water for 2 million 120 thousand people. In 2005, the construction of rural drinking water safety project was launched. By the end of 2008, the drinking water safety problem of 6 million 760 thousand people has been solved.

Since 1998, large-scale reservoirs have been implemented for reinforcement and reinforcement of large reservoirs such as the Dragon River Estuary. The comprehensive flood control and disaster reduction system has been constantly improved and the water resources support capacity has been improved.

After the abolition of compulsory labor and accumulation workers in the rural tax and fee reform, we implemented "one thing, one discussion". We persisted in carrying out farmland water conservancy construction, effectively improved the conditions for agricultural production, and improved the comprehensive grain production capacity.

(three) we must adhere to the input mechanism of expanding investment and diversified development.

Water conservancy work has a typical public welfare nature.

In the past 60 years, the water conservancy industry has undergone a significant pformation from planned economy to market economy.

Through actively exploring the new system of water conservancy investment, from the past rely on farmers to raise funds to build water conservancy projects, to gradually establish a government input, market-oriented financing, benefiting farmers to invest in a multi-channel input system.

In 1985, Anhui introduced the world bank loan and implemented the Chaohu project of Pi Shi Hang irrigation project. It was the first time that the world bank loan was introduced for water conservancy construction in China. It was praised as "the product of reform and the result of opening up".

In 1992, the provincial government promulgated the decision on the collection of funds for local water conservancy construction.

In 1997, the standard extension was increased from 100 million yuan per year to more than 300 million yuan, which played a positive role in key water conservancy construction.

Since 2003, the supporting investment policies have been formulated for key projects such as Huai River control, rural drinking water safety, reservoir reinforcement, and so on. Funds have been raised through the form of provincial finance, water conservancy construction funds, loans to financial institutions, and so on, and a diversified, multi-channel and multi-level investment system has been initially formed.

(four) we must adhere to practical thinking, reform and innovation.

Over the past 60 years, great changes have taken place in the economy and society.

In the process of planned economy to market economy, water conservancy work must actively change its outlook on ideology.